Microbial community and antimicrobial resistance in fecal samples from wild and domestic ruminants in Maiella National Park, Italy

Smoglica, Camilla; Angelucci, Simone; Farooq, Muhammad; Antonucci, Antonio; Marsilio, Fulvio; Francesco, Cristina Esmeralda Di

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100403

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Resistance to tetracyclines was also observed among bacterial isolates, aligning with the findings of Mohiuddin et al (2020);and Smoglica et al (2022). These studies indicated the presence of tetracycline-resistant pathogens in the feces of goats and sheep.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Antibiogram profiles of pathogenic and commensal bacteria in goat and sheep feces on smallholder farm

Basnet,

Kilonzo-Nthenge

2024

Front. Antibiot.

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IntroductionThe increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in zoonotic pathogens poses a substantial threat to both animal production and human health. Although large-scale animal farms are acknowledged as major reservoirs for AMR, there is a notable knowledge gap concerning AMR in small-scale farms. This study seeks to address this gap by collecting and analyzing 137 fecal samples from goat and sheep farms in Tennessee and Georgia.MethodBacteria were identified using culture-dependent methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion method.Results and discussionThe prevalence of E. coli (94.9%) in goats and sheep significantly exceeded (p < 0.05) that of S. aureus (81.0%), Shigella (35.0%), S. saprophyticus, and Salmonella (3.0%). Salmonella occurrence in goat feces (2.2%) was higher than in sheep (0.8%). Notably, 27% of goats and 8% of sheep tested positive for Shigella spp., while 60% of goats and 21% of sheep tested positive for S. aureus. Antibiotic resistance was observed primarily against ampicillin (79.4%), vancomycin (65.1%), and gentamycin (63.6%), significantly surpassing (p < 0.05) resistance to tetracycline (41.6%) and imipenem (21.8%). The penicillin (79.4%), glycopeptide (65.1%), and aminoglycoside (63.6%) antibiotic classes displayed significantly higher (p < 0.05) resistance compared to tetracyclines (45.7%) and carbapenem (21.8%). Our findings suggest that goats and sheep feces may serve as source for multidrug-resistant bacteria, raising concerns about the potential introduction of their fecal matter into soil, water, and eventually to the food chain. This highlights the need for proactive measures to address and mitigate AMR in goats and sheep within small-scale farms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Antibiogram profiles of pathogenic and commensal bacteria in goat and sheep feces on smallholder farm

Basnet,

Kilonzo-Nthenge

2024

Front. Antibiot.

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“…So far, one study from Italy is available for Apennine chamois ( R. pyrenaica ornate , n = 5, fecal samples) ( Smoglica et al, 2022 ). Species-specific differences were identified even at the phyla level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species-specific differences were identified even at the phyla level. Bacteroidetes were detected with 48% as the dominant phylum by Smoglica et al (2022) , followed by Firmicutes with 39%. Firmicutes is known as the dominant phylum from other highland-bovids, such as the long-tailed gorals ( Park et al, 2002 ), wild mountain goats ( Haworth et al, 2019 ; Langda et al, 2020 ), takins ( Chen et al, 2017 ), and from several African bovids ( Nelson et al, 2003 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a few wild ruminants, there are now a handful of studies, e.g., roe deer, moose, or reindeer ( Sundset et al, 2007 ; Ishaq and Wright, 2012 ; Pope et al, 2012 ; Ricci et al, 2019 ). For chamois, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is currently only one study available ( Smoglica et al, 2022 ), which takes into account the latest methods of genome sequencing (fecal samples, n = 5). Closer research would, therefore, contribute to the Bavarian Alpine region and provide new insights into the species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Get the best out of what comes in” – adaptation of the microbiota of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) to seasonal forage availability in the Bavarian Alps

Dahl,

Seifert,

Camarinha-Silva

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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As an inhabitant of the Alps, chamois are exposed to significant climatic changes throughout the year and are also strongly confronted with changing forage availability. Besides horizontal and vertical migratory movements as an adaptation, it undergoes physiological transformations and dynamic changes in the ruminal microbiota.The following study used 48 chamois of different ages and genders to investigate to which extent the ingested food plants, the resulting crude nutrients in the rumen (reticulorumen) contents, and the bacterial microbiota in the rumen and their fermentation products were influenced by the changes over the seasons. Very little is known about the microbiota of wild ruminants, and many bacterial taxa could only be determined to certain taxonomic levels in this study. However, adapted microbiota reflects the significant changes in the ingested forage and the resulting crude nutrients. For some taxa, our results indicated potential functional relationships. In addition, 15 genera were identified, representing almost 90% of the relative abundance, forming the central part of the microbial community throughout the year. The successful and flexible adaptation of chamois is reflected in the chamois rumen’s nutrient and microbial profile. This is also the first study that analyzes the microbiota of the chamois using rumen samples and considers the microbiota in a seasonal comparison.

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“…Lactis has been used as a probiotic [ 43 , 44 ]. Meanwhile, Smoglica [ 45 ] reported the presence of the tetK gene in fecal samples from wild and domesticated livestock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Microbiome of Fecal Samples Obtained from Adolescents with Different Weight Conditions on Resistance Gene Transfer

et al. 2022

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a relevant public health problem worldwide, and microbiome bacteria may contribute to the horizontal gene transfer associated with antimicrobial resistance. The microbiome of fecal samples from Mexican adolescents were analyzed and correlated with eating habits, and the presence of AMR genes on bacteria in the microbiome was evaluated. Fecal samples from adolescents were collected and processed to extract genomic DNA. An Illumina HiSeq 1500 system was used to determine resistance genes and the microbiome of adolescents through the amplification of gene resistance and the V3–V4 regions of RNA, respectively. Analysis of the microbiome from fecal samples taken from 18 obese, overweight, and normal-weight adolescents revealed that the Firmicutes was the most frequent phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. The following species were detected as the most frequent in the samples: F. prausnitzii, P. cori, B. adolescentis, E. coli and A. muciniphila. The presence of Bacteroides, Prevotella and Ruminococcus was used to establish the enterotype; enterotype 1 was more common in women and enterotype 2 was more common in men. Twenty-nine AMR genes were found for β-lactamases, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolide, lincosamides, streptogramin (MLS), tetracyclines and sulfonamides. The presence of microorganisms in fecal samples that harbor AMR genes that work against antimicrobials frequently used for the treatment of microbial infections such as b-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, MLS, and tetracyclines is of great concern, as these organisms may be an important reservoir for horizontal AMR gene transfer.

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Microbial community and antimicrobial resistance in fecal samples from wild and domestic ruminants in Maiella National Park, Italy

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Antibiogram profiles of pathogenic and commensal bacteria in goat and sheep feces on smallholder farm

Antibiogram profiles of pathogenic and commensal bacteria in goat and sheep feces on smallholder farm

“Get the best out of what comes in” – adaptation of the microbiota of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) to seasonal forage availability in the Bavarian Alps

Importance of Microbiome of Fecal Samples Obtained from Adolescents with Different Weight Conditions on Resistance Gene Transfer

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