Microbial Communities Surrounding an Underwater Volcano Near the Island of El Hierro (Canary Islands)

Unveiling the Inherent Physical-Chemical Dynamics: Direct Measurements of Hydrothermal Fluid Flow, Heat, and Nutrient Outflow at the Tagoro Submarine Volcano (Canary Islands, Spain)

“…After a 5-month eruption, in March 2012 the volcano entered a post-eruptive degassing stage with only hydrothermal discharge, which remains active. The morphological structure of the volcanic edifice has been continuously characterized since the early eruptive phase (Somoza et al, 2017;Álvarez-Valero et al, 2023;Vázquez et al, 2023) together with the monitoring of the physical and chemical parameters along the water column (Fraile-Nuez et al, 2012Santana-Casiano et al, 2013Ariza et al, 2014;Eugenio et al, 2014;Blanco et al, 2015;González-Vega et al, 2020, 2022 and its subsequent biological colonization (Danovaro et al, 2017;Álvarez-Valero et al, 2018Álvarez-Valero et al, , 2023Sotomayor-García et al, 2019Fernández de Puelles et al, 2021;Ferrera et al, 2023). However, little is known about the magnitude and spatial distribution of hydrothermal fluid flow and heat discharge at the Tagoro volcanic system.…”