Microbial Characteristics of Common Tongue Coatings in Patients with Precancerous Lesions of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Abstract

The tongue coating (TC) microbiota, a crucial component of the tongue coating, illustrates a huge microbial percentage of the body that mostly includes actinobacteria, bacteroides, firmicutes, and fusobacteria. The TC microbiota is closely related to the development of upper gastrointestinal malignancies, such as oral, gastric, and esophageal cancer. Nonetheless, the microbiological characteristics of common TCs in individuals with precancerous lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract are still unclear. Herein, we designed a case-control study, recruiting 153 PLUGT patients with four different types of TCs, including 47 white-thin, 19 white-thick, 47 yellow-thin, and 40 yellow-thick, as well as 47 volunteers as controls. To analyze microbial characteristics, 16S rRNA microbiome approaches were used. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to assess serum IL-17A and total bile acid (TBA). According to the obtained results, Leptotrichia was found to be a promising biomarker for thin as well as thick yellow coatings. In comparison to the control TC microbiota, 39 different genera developed commensal networks in common TCs. Lachnoanaerobaculum and pseudonocardia were the most striking core bacteria. Lachnoanaerobaculum positively correlated with Leptotrichia in W-thin and Y-thick coatings, with actinomyces and methylobacterium in Y-thin coatings, with Campylobacter in Y-thick coatings, and with Bradyrhizobium in W-thick and Y-thick coatings. Serum IL-17A levels were greater in cases with W-thin coating than in controls, and serum IL-17A was positively linked with Parvimonas in patients with W-thick or Y-thin coating. In Y-thin coating, the oral dominating bacteria Streptococcus was negatively linked with serum TBA. Taken together, the promoted bacteria were found to be synergistically proliferative in the TCs of PLUGT patients. The diverse TCs had distinct bacterial commensal networks, whereas the common TCs were linked by specific bacteria to serum IL-17A and TBA.

Development of a tongue image-based machine learning tool for the diagnosis of gastric cancer: a prospective multicentre clinical cohort study

“… 32 Therefore, we simultaneously investigated the diagnostic value of tongue images and the tongue coating microbiome in GC. Previous studies have shown that the tongue coating microbiome can be used as a diagnostic tool for malignant tumours, including EC, 33 GC 34 and LC. 35 Our study once again confirmed the diagnostic value of the tongue coating microbiome in GC.…”

Composition and diverse differences of salivary microbiota in gastritis correlated to Helicobacter pylori patients

“…The relative abundance of Actinomyces, Atopobium, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Stomatobaculum and Veillonella of Hp positive patients with dampness-heat syndrome of spleen and stomach was significantly increased (P <0.05).The relative abundances of Mycoplasma, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Escherichia-Shigella were significantly decreased (P <0.05).The variation of salivary microbiota at genus level is illustrated.Wang J and Kong C [35][36] showed that Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Escherichia-Shigella belong to probiotics.The beneficial bacteria in the saliva of patients with dampness and heat syndrome of spleen and stomach are reduced and the bacteria are disordered.The relative abundance of Mycoplasma decreased in contrast to BT group. We believe that Mycoplasma may reflect the difference between the two syndrome types.Actinomyces are opportunistic pathogens that mainly inhabit the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, and overgrowth of this genus can cause inflammation [37] belongs to the unique oral bacteria community [38] .Some studies have shown [39][40][41] that oral microbiota can excavate unique biomarkers in diseases, so this study has its research significance.Actinomyces, Atopobium, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Stomatobaculum and Veillonella may be the unique biomarkers of spleen and stomach damp-heat syndrome of Helicobacter pylori infection-related gastritis.…”

The Oral Microbiome as Mediator between Oral Hygiene and Its Impact on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

“…The genus Leptotrichia has been reported to be more significantly abundant in saliva samples from NPC patients than in healthy controls [ 29 ]. A study speculated that Leptotrichia may promote carcinogenesis by influencing the immune–inflammatory response [ 79 ]. Our results support associations between these taxa and NPC, but the detailed mechanisms in the carcinogenesis process are not clear yet.…”