Microbial catabolism of procyanidins by human gut microbiota

Ou, Keqin; Sarnoski, Paul J.; Schneider, Keith R.; Song, Kaijie; Khoo, Christina; Gu, Liwei

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201400243

Cited by 91 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The three phenyl-γ-valerolactone derivatives, hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, pyrogallol, dihydroxybenzoic acid, and methyl-trihydroxybenzoic acid, having a peak concentration registered within 5 or 10 h, are typical metabolites generated by the host microbiota activity [41,42,43] (Figure 4). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption Profile of (Poly)Phenolic Compounds after Consumption of Three Food Supplements Containing 36 Different Fruits, Vegetables, and Berries

et al. 2017

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The market of plant-based nutraceuticals and food supplements is continuously growing due to the increased consumer demand. The introduction of new products with relevant nutritional characteristics represents a new way of providing bioactive compounds and (poly)phenols to consumers, becoming a strategy to ideally guarantee the health benefits attributed to plant foodstuffs and allowing the increase of daily bioactive compound intake. A paramount step in the study of nutraceuticals is the evaluation of the bioavailability and metabolism of their putatively active components. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the absorption profile of the (poly)phenolic compounds contained in three different plant-based food supplements, made of 36 different plant matrices, which were consumed by 20 subjects in an open one-arm study design. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 1, 2, 5, and 10 h after capsule intake. Twenty quantifiable metabolites deriving from different (poly)phenolic compounds were identified. Results showed that the consumption of the three capsules allowed the effective absorption of several (poly)phenolic compounds and metabolites appearing at different times in plasma, thereby indicating different absorption profiles. The capsules thus ensured potential health-promoting molecules to be potentially available to target tissues and organs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption Profile of (Poly)Phenolic Compounds after Consumption of Three Food Supplements Containing 36 Different Fruits, Vegetables, and Berries

et al. 2017

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“…A major portion of ingested procyanidins is degraded by human microbiota in the colon into various phenolic compounds. Ou et al identified 5-(3 0 ,4 0 -dihydroxyphenyl)-c-valerolactones and 5-(3 0 -hydroxyphenyl)-c-valerolactones as the microbial metabolites of procyanidin B2 after anaerobic fermentation with human microbiota (Ou et al 2014). Recently, Wiese et al showed that 5-(3 0 ,4 0 -dihydroxyphenyl)-c-valerolactone represents an important in vivo metabolite of procyanidin produced by the gut microbiota (Wiese et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Supplementation of procyanidins B2 attenuates photooxidation-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells

Jiang

Sun

et al. 2016

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

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During the aging process, dimers of dietary vitamin A accumulated in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Vitamin A dimer-mediated photooxidation resulted in RPE apoptosis, which is associated with age-related degenerative disease of retina, leading to blindness. It has been reported that proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract reduces oxidative stress in the eye. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of photooxidation-induced apoptosis inhibition by procyanidins B2 (PB2), one of the main components of grape seed proanthocyanidin. To mimic vitamin A dimer-mediated photooxidation, ARPE-19 cells that accumulated vitamin A dimer, A2E, were used as a model system. Exposure of A2E loaded ARPE-19 cells to blue light induced ER stress and resulted in significant apoptosis. Pretreatment of blue light-exposed A2E containing ARPE-19 cells with PB2 inhibited apoptosis, increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the mitochondria, attenuated ROS and cytochrome c release, and decreased caspase cleavage. Additionally, PB2 inhibited the phosphorylation of ER stress markers elF2α and IRE1α and reduced CHOP expression. Moreover, PB2 inhibition of apoptosis is dependent on the UPR chaperone GRP78, indicating PB2 inhibits vitamin A dimer-mediated apoptosis in RPE cells by activating the UPR.

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“…The presence of PACs with high DP prevents the in vitro microbial metabolism of PACs (192), and A-type PACs are also more resistant to microbial degradation than B-type PACs (193). The main flavanol bacterial metabolites described in these studies are summarized in Table 6.…”

Section: The Pacs In the Colonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gastrointestinal Tract as a Key Target Organ for the Health-Promoting Effects of Dietary Proanthocyanidins

et al. 2017

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Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are polymers of flavan-3-ols abundant in many vegetable foods and beverages widely consumed in the human diet. There is increasing evidence supporting the beneficial impact of dietary PACs in the prevention and nutritional management of non-communicable chronic diseases. It is considered that PACs with a degree of polymerization >3 remain unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and accumulate in the colonic lumen. Accordingly, the GI tract may be considered as a key organ for the healthy-promoting effects of dietary PACs. PACs form non-specific complexes with salivary proteins in mouth, originating the sensation of astringency, and with dietary proteins, pancreatic enzymes, and nutrient transporters in the intestinal lumen, decreasing the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. They also exert antimicrobial activities, interfering with cariogenic or ulcerogenic pathogens in the mouth (Streptococcus mutans) and stomach (Helicobacter pylori), respectively. Through their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, PACs decrease inflammatory processes in animal model of gastric and colonic inflammation. Interestingly, they exert prebiotic activities, stimulating the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. as well as some butyrate-producing bacteria in the colon. Finally, PACs are also metabolized by the gut microbiota, producing metabolites, mainly aromatic acids and valerolactones, which accumulate in the colon and/or are absorbed into the bloodstream. Accordingly, these compounds could display biological activities on the colonic epithelium or in extra-intestinal tissues and, therefore, contribute to part of the beneficial effects of dietary PACs.

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Microbial catabolism of procyanidins by human gut microbiota

Abstract: Procyanidins, both B-type and A-type can be degraded by human gut microbiota. The microbial metabolites may contribute to the bioactivities of procyanidins.

Cited by 91 publications

References 33 publications

Absorption Profile of (Poly)Phenolic Compounds after Consumption of Three Food Supplements Containing 36 Different Fruits, Vegetables, and Berries

Absorption Profile of (Poly)Phenolic Compounds after Consumption of Three Food Supplements Containing 36 Different Fruits, Vegetables, and Berries

Supplementation of procyanidins B2 attenuates photooxidation-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells

The Gastrointestinal Tract as a Key Target Organ for the Health-Promoting Effects of Dietary Proanthocyanidins

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