Microbial Carotenoids

Vachali, Preejith; Bhosale, Prakash; Bernstein, Paul S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-918-1_2

Cited by 56 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Recently, microbial sources of carotenoids such as algae are also getting attention as an alternative for supplementation (Nelis and De Leenheer, 1991; Vachali et al, 2012). Microbial carotenoid biosynthesis is a well regulated process dependent on the organism's environmental conditions and cultural stress during growth (Bhosale, 2004; Schnurr et al, 1991).…”

Section: Basic Science Of the Macular Pigment Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin: The basic and clinical science underlying carotenoid-based nutritional interventions against ocular disease

Bernstein

Vachali

et al. 2016

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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The human macula uniquely concentrates three carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin must be obtained from dietary sources such as green leafy vegetables and orange and yellow fruits and vegetables, while meso-zeaxanthin is rarely found in diet and is believed to be formed at the macula by metabolic transformations of ingested carotenoids. Epidemiological studies and large-scale clinical trials such as AREDS2 have brought attention to the potential ocular health and functional benefits of these three xanthophyll carotenoids consumed through the diet or supplements, but the basic science and clinical research underlying recommendations for nutritional interventions against age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases are underappreciated by clinicians and vision researchers alike. In this review article, we first examine the chemistry, biophysics, and physiology of these yellow pigments that are specifically concentrated in the macula lutea through the means of high-affinity binding proteins and specialized transport and metabolic proteins where they play important roles as short-wavelength (blue) light-absorbers and localized, efficient antioxidants in a region at high risk for light-induced oxidative stress. Next, we turn to clinical evidence supporting functional benefits of these carotenoids in normal eyes and for their potential protective actions against ocular disease from infancy to old age.

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Section: Basic Science Of the Macular Pigment Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin: The basic and clinical science underlying carotenoid-based nutritional interventions against ocular disease

Bernstein

Vachali

et al. 2016

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

Self Cite

441

419

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“…Other vitamins, such as A and C, are microbially synthesized from cofactors (i.e., acetyl‐CoA) and carotenoids, which are exclusively synthesized by plants and microbes. Carotenoids are not only precursors to vitamin A, but also provide antioxidant protection against free‐radical damage, meaning that gut microbes not only supplement vitamin requirements but may also prevent inflammatory disease and colon cancer (Vachali, Bhosale, & Bernstein, ).…”

Section: Microbiome Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecosystem services of animal microbiomes

et al. 2018

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Microbiologists often evaluate microbial community dynamics by formulating functional hypotheses based on ecological processes. Indeed, many of the methods and terms currently used to describe animal microbiomes derive from ecology and evolutionary biology. As our understanding of the composition and functional dynamics of "the microbiome" grows, we increasingly refer to the host as an ecosystem within which microbial processes play out. Even so, an ecosystem service framework that extends to the context of the host has thus far been lacking. Here, we argue that ecosystem services are a useful framework with which to consider the value of microbes to their hosts. We discuss those "microbiome services" in the specific context of the mammalian gut, providing a context from which to develop new hypotheses and to evaluate microbial functions in future studies and novel systems.

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“…Carotenoids are known for their antioxidant properties (167). b-Carotene, neurosporaxanthin, and astaxanthin are the major carotenoids in fungi.…”

Section: Antioxidant System In Neurospora Crassamentioning

confidence: 99%

Interconnections of Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis and Circadian Rhythm inNeurospora crassa

Gyöngyösi

Káldi

2014

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

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Significance: Both circadian rhythm and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are fundamental features of aerobic eukaryotic cells. The circadian clock enhances the fitness of organisms by enabling them to anticipate cycling changes in the surroundings. ROS generation in the cell is often altered in response to environmental changes, but oscillations in ROS levels may also reflect endogenous metabolic fluctuations governed by the circadian clock. On the other hand, an effective regulation and timing of antioxidant mechanisms may be crucial in the defense of cellular integrity. Thus, an interaction between the circadian timekeeping machinery and ROS homeostasis or signaling in both directions may be of advantage at all phylogenetic levels. Recent Advances: The Frequency-White Collar-1 and White Collar-2 oscillator (FWO) of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is well characterized at the molecular level. Several members of the ROS homeostasis were found to be controlled by the circadian clock, and ROS levels display circadian rhythm in Neurospora. On the other hand, multiple data indicate that ROS affect the molecular oscillator. Critical Issues: Increasing evidence suggests the interplay between ROS homeostasis and oscillators that may be partially or fully independent of the FWO. In addition, ROS may be part of a complex cellular network synchronizing non-transcriptional oscillators with timekeeping machineries based on the classical transcription-translation feedback mechanism. Future Directions: Further investigations are needed to clarify how the different layers of the bidirectional interactions between ROS homeostasis and circadian regulation are interconnected. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 20,[3007][3008][3009][3010][3011][3012][3013][3014][3015][3016][3017][3018][3019][3020][3021][3022][3023]

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Microbial Carotenoids

Cited by 56 publications

References 126 publications

Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin: The basic and clinical science underlying carotenoid-based nutritional interventions against ocular disease

Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin: The basic and clinical science underlying carotenoid-based nutritional interventions against ocular disease

The ecosystem services of animal microbiomes

Interconnections of Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis and Circadian Rhythm inNeurospora crassa

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