Microbial Carbon, Mineral-N and Soil Nutrients in Indigenous Agroforestry Systems and Other Land Use in the upper Solim&amp;#245;es Region, Western Amazonas State, Brazil

Villani, Fernanda Tunes; Ribeiro, Gyovanni Augusto Aguiar; Villani, Ecila Mercês de Albuquerque; Teixeira, W. G.; Moreira, Fátima Maria de Souza; Miller, Robert Pritchard; Alfaia, Sônia Sena

doi:10.4236/as.2017.87050

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…5 and Table 1), with a correlation value of 0.81. Villani et al (2017) verified that the two first components explained 94% of the total variance and that PC1 presented high correlations with MBC and the ammonium concentration in the soil, which was mainly related to the areas of forests, agroforests and pastures. Our results support the previous statements, indicating that the microbial biomass carbon represents the efficiency of the microorganism community in the soil in transforming the carbon from the deposited material.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Multivariate approach of soil attributes on the characterization of land use in the southern Brazilian Amazon

Carvalho

Panosso

Teixeira

et al. 2018

Soil and Tillage Research

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Determination of physical, chemical and biological attributes with individual analyses is inadequate for improving the understanding of soil conditions as a function of land-use change (LUC) in comparison to the natural state of soil. For a more accurate soil condition diagnostic, it is necessary to consider various indicators related to these characteristics, which requires the use of multivariate statistical analysis. The aim of this work was to characterize, through multivariate analysis, different types of LUCs in an Oxisol as a function of the physical, chemical and biological attributes and to clarify the relationship of these attributes with the quality of the soil in comparison to these attributes in natural soil conditions, in the southern Amazon in Brazil. The land uses evaluated in the municipality of Alta Floresta, state of Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil, were native amazon forest (ma), degraded pasture (pd), managed renewed pasture (pn), permanent preservation area in recovery (app), crop area (rice), forage sugarcane (ca) and reforested area with eucalyptus (eu). To characterize the physical and chemical soil attributes, samples were collected in each land-use area, at depths of 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m, and the determination of soil microbial activity (biological attributes) was evaluated at a depth of 0-0.10 m. The interrelationship between the analyzed attributes was described by multivariate techniques, which included hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analyses, principal component analysis, canonical correlation, and structural equation modeling. The multivariate approach for the analysis of soil attribute data was efficient in the identification of anthropogenic actions on areas in comparison to natural conditions. Together, the cluster analysis and principal components analysis identified two groups that differed mainly in terms of anthropic operations of soil tillage and liming. The land use that was most similar to the natural condition was degraded pasture, which was mainly due to K and H + Al contents, soil microporosity and soil basal respiration. Structural equation modeling indicated that the latent factor soil chemical attributes had three times greater interference (-0.5828) than the latent factor soil physical attributes (0.1735) on the latent factor soil biological attributes. Therefore, anthropic actions, especially the liming, modified soil acidity conditions, affecting the microorganisms of its flora and changing the native fungal community of the soil that was evaluated. large areas, mainly through the inadequate conversion of natural environments into agricultural areas (Fonseca et al., 2007; Rojas et al., 2016). The main impact of LUC is on in the soils, which are directly responsible for the sustainability and productivity of natural and agricultural ecosystems (Castilho et al., 2016; Novak et al., 2017; Sanabria et al., 2016). Studying the physical, chemical and biological attributes of soil in different applications and comparing these attributes to those in areas

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Multivariate approach of soil attributes on the characterization of land use in the southern Brazilian Amazon

Carvalho

Panosso

Teixeira

et al. 2018

Soil and Tillage Research

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“…Although pH in roças increased after burning, it does not mean that pH in capoeiras (before burning) is low. In all sites of this study, the pH levels are much higher than in other slash‐and‐burn fields in Amazonia, where soil pH is mostly between 4 and 5, and despite it increases right after burning, it rarely reaches values above 6.5 or 7 as we observed here (Béliveau et al, 2015; Junqueira, Stomph, et al, 2016; Melo et al, 2006; Moreira et al, 2009; Silva Neto et al, 2019; Villa et al, 2018; Villani et al, 2017). However, in another indigenous land in this same savanna region, Melo et al (2010) found pH levels similar to this study (between 6 and 8), including slash‐and‐burn cultivation areas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Although most studies emphasize that the main changes in soil fertility in slash‐and‐burn systems happen at depths up to 10 cm (Fachin et al, 2021; Lintemani et al, 2020; Silva Neto et al, 2019; Villani et al, 2017), we chose to use the depth of 0–20 cm because this is the main zone occupied by the roots of the main cultivated plants in studied area (corn and cassava), so we consider it as the better parameter to investigate in order to generate not only information for scientific purposes but also management recommendations for communities involved in this research, as will be discussed along this paper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil fertility in indigenous swidden fields and fallows in northern Amazonia, Brazil

Pinho

Pequeno

Alfaia

et al. 2023

Soil Use and Management

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In the northern Brazilian Amazon, indigenous peoples who inhabit the savannas of Roraima, plant their crop fields in frequently managed “forest islands” using a rotating “slash‐and‐burn” system. The system advocates long‐term sustainability, but population growth and threats to indigenous lands have led to shorter rotations and greater frequency of use of forest island areas. Our objective was to examine soil texture and fertility (0–20 cm in depth) in indigenous crop fields (roças) and fallow lands (capoeiras, secondary forests), generating recommendations that may help to optimize traditional soil management. Results indicated that roça sites are less acidic than capoeira sites, which was expected as ashes produced by burning are alkalizing, but acidity did not increase again after 8 months of cultivation, and pH was high in all sites (>6). The general increase in nutrients expected in roças compared with capoeiras did not occur. The expected decrease of soil fertility after first months of cultivation did not happen, nor the increase of soil fertility according to fallow length. Overall, soil texture proved to be the main determinant of fertility. The unexpected results suggest that the edaphic processes resulting from the traditional indigenous cultivations, practised for centuries or millennia in this region, likely contributed to the current stabilization of soil acidity and fertility. The stable moderate fertility and stable high pH observed in all sites are advantages for production in slash‐and‐burn systems in this region, and this is especially important for more pressured areas, where agroecological practices could improve soil use and management. Although not determinant for soil fertility recovery at the studied depth (0–20 cm), the fallow period (growth of capoeiras) is still important for recovery of environmental and social functions of forest islands.

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“…There were no significant differences in Ca, Mg and P between the soils of the two land-use systems sampled (Table 1), contrary to what has been observed in other studies in the Amazon, which showed increases in these nutrients in the soils of AFSs in relation to nearby forests or other natural vegetation [13,22,23]. However, these other studies examined homegarden agroforestry systems, where nutrient inputs from domestic residues can have a significant effect on soil fertility over time.…”

Section: Soil Chemical Attributescontrasting

confidence: 63%

Soil Management in Indigenous Agroforestry Systems of Guarana (Paullinia cupana Kunth) of the Sateré-Mawé Ethnic Group, in the Lower Amazon River Region

et al. 2022

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The Sateré-Mawé Brazilian indigenous people cultivate the guarana liana in biodiverse agroforests that incorporate many species, mainly trees, and produce food, medicines, fuel and income. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil fertility in nineteen indigenous guarana agroforestry systems (AFSs) compared with areas of adjacent forests in the Andirá–Marau Indigenous Land—an ancestral territory of the Sateré-Mawé people. Soils in both locations showed low natural fertility, with levels of most macronutrients below the minimum agronomic reference levels. Higher C and soil organic matter (SOM) content was observed in the forest soils and may be related to greater vegetation cover and higher litter production. However, the maintenance of the average levels of most nutrients in the soil of the AFSs, at the same level as under the forests, suggests that efficient nutrient cycling is taking place. In these conditions, the management of organic matter seems to be essential to maintain the productivity of guarana AFSs since levels of C, SOM and organic N were not considered as low as those of most of the other soil attributes that were evaluated. The high tree diversity in the guarana agroforests, including N-fixing species, may also contribute to efficient nutrient cycling and maintenance of the soil food web. The results suggest that the addition of limestone, green manure practices and the reincorporation of organic residues from guarana processing, among other sources, can be a low-cost alternative to improve soil fertility and increase guarana production in the AFS under study.

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Microbial Carbon, Mineral-N and Soil Nutrients in Indigenous Agroforestry Systems and Other Land Use in the upper Solimões Region, Western Amazonas State, Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Multivariate approach of soil attributes on the characterization of land use in the southern Brazilian Amazon

Multivariate approach of soil attributes on the characterization of land use in the southern Brazilian Amazon

Soil fertility in indigenous swidden fields and fallows in northern Amazonia, Brazil

Soil Management in Indigenous Agroforestry Systems of Guarana (Paullinia cupana Kunth) of the Sateré-Mawé Ethnic Group, in the Lower Amazon River Region

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