Microbial Byproducts Determine Reproductive Fitness of Free-Living and Parasitic Nematodes

Venzon, Mericien; Das, Ritika; Luciano, Daniel; Park, Hyun Shin; Kool, Eric T.; Belasco, Joel G.; Hubbard, E. Jane Albert; Cadwell, Ken

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3934611

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Other studies have suggested that the intestinal bacteria can directly influence parasite establishment, hatchability, and development (168)(169)(170)(171)(172). Various in vitro and in vivo methods demonstrated that the presence of Escherichia coli, a common intestinal commensal (173), is important for hatchability of T. muris eggs.…”

Section: The Microbiome As a Major Environmental Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various in vitro and in vivo methods demonstrated that the presence of Escherichia coli, a common intestinal commensal (173), is important for hatchability of T. muris eggs. The role of E. coli in parasite establishment is driven by the presence of Type 1 Fimbriae as well as release of microbial byproducts (168,169). Differences in egg hatching following infection could affect the establishment of the parasite and subsequently the parasite burden, hence the presence or absence of specific commensal bacteria may directly influence parasite burden independently of the host immune response.…”

Section: The Microbiome As a Major Environmental Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Genetic and Environmental Factors and Their Interactions on Immune Response to Helminth Infections

2022

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Helminth infection currently affect over 2 billion people worldwide, with those with the most pathologies and morbidities, living in regions with unequal and disproportionate access to effective healthcare solutions. Host genetics and environmental factors play critical roles in modulating and regulating immune responses following exposure to various pathogens and insults. However, the interplay of environment and genetic factors in influencing who gets infected and the establishment, persistence, and clearance of helminth parasites remains unclear. Inbred strains of mice have long been used to investigate the role of host genetic factors on pathogenesis and resistance to helminth infection in a laboratory setting. This review will discuss the use of ecological and environmental mouse models to study helminth infections and how this could be used in combination with host genetic variation to explore the relative contribution of these factors in influencing immune response to helminth infections. Improved understanding of interactions between genetics and the environment to helminth immune responses would be important for efforts to identify and develop new prophylactic and therapeutic options for the management of helminth infections and their pathogenesis.

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