Microbial Bioremediation and Different Bioreactors Designs Applied

Tekere, Memory

doi:10.5772/intechopen.83661

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…Research frontiers globally have described various application of microorganisms in the bioremediation of oil pollution under controlled conditions, field scale and in different environmental conditions, with very encouraging results [13,15,55]. The natural existence of a large diversity of microbial species expands the variety of chemical pollutants that are degraded or detoxified [68].…”

Section: Microbial Remediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological Potentials of Microbe Assisted Eco-Recovery of Crude Oil Impacted Environment

Ehis-Eriakha¹,

Akemu²,

Otumala³

et al. 2022

Crude Oil - New Technologies and Recent Approaches

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Globally, the environment is facing a very challenging situation with constant influx of crude oil and its derivatives due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. The release of this essential energy source has caused tremendous consequences on land, water, groundwater, air and biodiversity. Crude oil is a very complex and variable mixture of thousands of individual compounds that can be degraded with microbes with corresponding enzymatic systems harboring the genes. With advances in biotechnology, bioremediation has become one of the most rapidly developing fields of environmental restoration, utilizing microorganisms to reduce the concentration and toxicity of various chemical pollutants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalate esters, nitroaromatic compounds and industrial solvents. Different remediation methods have been introduced and applied with varied degrees of success in terms of reduction in contamination concentration without considering ecotoxicity and restoration of biodiversity. Researchers have now developed methods that consider ecotoxicology, environmental sustainability and ecorestoration in remediation of crude oil impacted sites and they are categorized as biotechnological tools such as bioremediation. The approach involves a natural process of microorganisms with inherent genetic capabilities completely mineralizing/degrading contaminants into innocuous substances. Progressive advances in bioremediation such as the use of genetically engineered microbes have become an improved system for empowering microbes to degrade very complex recalcitrant substances through the modification of rate-limiting steps in the metabolic pathway of hydrocarbon degrading microbes to yield increase in mineralization rates or the development of completely new metabolic pathways incorporated into the bacterial strains for the degradation of highly persistent compounds. Other areas discussed in this chapter include the biosurfactant-enhanced bioremediation, microbial and plant bioremediation (phytoremediation), their mechanism of action and the environmental factors influencing the processes.

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Section: Microbial Remediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological Potentials of Microbe Assisted Eco-Recovery of Crude Oil Impacted Environment

Ehis-Eriakha¹,

Akemu²,

Otumala³

et al. 2022

Crude Oil - New Technologies and Recent Approaches

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show abstract

“…Thus, biofilters can also be applied to treat VOCs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes), and the main limitation of this treatment is the inability to control the pH [5]. Advances and drawbacks are illustrated for each particular bioremediation task for a certain range of contaminants in waste water [5,104]. A recent review describes the advantages and disadvantages of remediation of toxic aromatic derivatives by using a number of oxidoreductive enzymes.…”

Section: Partial Nitritation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Materials Used for Immobilisation of Bacteria for the Bioremediation of Contaminants in Water

2021

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Bioremediation is a key process for reclaiming polluted soil and water by the use of biological agents. A commonly used approach aims to neutralise or remove harmful pollutants from contaminated areas using live microorganisms. Generally, immobilised microorganisms rather than planktonic cells have been used in bioremediation methods. Activated carbon, inorganic minerals (clays, metal oxides, zeolites), and agricultural waste products are acceptable substrates for the immobilisation of bacteria, although there are limitations with biomass loading and the issue with leaching of bacteria during the process. Various synthetic and natural polymers with different functional groups have been used successfully for the efficient immobilisation of microorganisms and cells. Promise has been shown using macroporous materials including cryogels with entrapped bacteria or cells in applications for water treatment and biotechnology. A cryogel is a macroporous polymeric gel formed at sub-zero temperatures through a process known as cryogelation. Macroporous hydrogels have been used to make scaffolds or supports for immobilising bacterial, viral, and other cells. The production of composite materials with immobilised cells possessing suitable mechanical and chemical stability, porosity, elasticity, and biocompatibility suggests that these materials are potential candidates for a range of applications within applied microbiology, biotechnology, and research. This review evaluates applications of macroporous cryogels as tools for the bioremediation of contaminants in wastewater.

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“…This practice provides a possible use of GMMs in TPH-contaminated soil in Antarctica and other extreme cold regions since most of these countries restricted the usage of GMMs in bioremediation treatment. However, bioreactor treatment on contaminated soils is usually time-consuming due to the tedious experimental design (parameter optimisation using one-factor-at-a-time, OFAT), high cost attributable to the higher manpower number and transportation budget (especially on large-scale polluted soil) and requiring additional post-operational procedures (i.e., soil desiccation and wastewater treatment) [ 83 , 84 ]. Therefore, this bioreactor technique is rare for the full-scale practice under cold conditions.…”

Section: Enhanced Bioremediation Studies In Cold Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric Analysis of Hydrocarbon Bioremediation in Cold Regions and a Review on Enhanced Soil Bioremediation

Yap

Zakaria

Zulkharnain

et al. 2021

Biology

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The increased usage of petroleum oils in cold regions has led to widespread oil pollutants in soils. The harsh environmental conditions in cold environments allow the persistence of these oil pollutants in soils for more than 20 years, raising adverse threats to the ecosystem. Microbial bioremediation was proposed and employed as a cost-effective tool to remediate petroleum hydrocarbons present in soils without significantly posing harmful side effects. However, the conventional hydrocarbon bioremediation requires a longer time to achieve the clean-up standard due to various environmental factors in cold regions. Recent biotechnological improvements using biostimulation and/or bioaugmentation strategies are reported and implemented to enhance the hydrocarbon removal efficiency under cold conditions. Thus, this review focuses on the enhanced bioremediation for hydrocarbon-polluted soils in cold regions, highlighting in situ and ex situ approaches and few potential enhancements via the exploitation of molecular and microbial technology in response to the cold condition. The bibliometric analysis of the hydrocarbon bioremediation research in cold regions is also presented.

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Microbial Bioremediation and Different Bioreactors Designs Applied

Cited by 44 publications

References 72 publications

Biotechnological Potentials of Microbe Assisted Eco-Recovery of Crude Oil Impacted Environment

Biotechnological Potentials of Microbe Assisted Eco-Recovery of Crude Oil Impacted Environment

Polymeric Materials Used for Immobilisation of Bacteria for the Bioremediation of Contaminants in Water

Bibliometric Analysis of Hydrocarbon Bioremediation in Cold Regions and a Review on Enhanced Soil Bioremediation

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