Microbial Beta Glucosidase Enzymes: Recent Advances in Biomass Conversation for Biofuels Application

Abstract

The biomass to biofuels production process is green, sustainable, and an advanced technique to resolve the current environmental issues generated from fossil fuels. The production of biofuels from biomass is an enzyme mediated process, wherein β-glucosidase (BGL) enzymes play a key role in biomass hydrolysis by producing monomeric sugars from cellulose-based oligosaccharides. However, the production and availability of these enzymes realize their major role to increase the overall production cost of biomass to biofuels production technology. Therefore, the present review is focused on evaluating the production and efficiency of β-glucosidase enzymes in the bioconversion of cellulosic biomass for biofuel production at an industrial scale, providing its mechanism and classification. The application of BGL enzymes in the biomass conversion process has been discussed along with the recent developments and existing issues. Moreover, the production and development of microbial BGL enzymes have been explained in detail, along with the recent advancements made in the field. Finally, current hurdles and future suggestions have been provided for the future developments. This review is likely to set a benchmark in the area of cost effective BGL enzyme production, specifically in the biorefinery area.

Role of metagenomics in prospecting novel endoglucanases, accentuating functional metagenomics approach in second-generation biofuel production: a review

“…This enzyme performs the essential task of hydrolyzing cellobiose, which is the key factor that defines the rate of reaction. The product of cellobiose hydrolysis is glucose and increased glucose inhibits the β-glucosidase by feedback regulation [68,69]. This enzyme can thus regulate the entire process of cellulose hydrolysis [70,71].…”

Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Identifies Critical Genes for the Production of Cellulase and Xylanase in Penicillium oxalicum

“…Natural enzyme production by fungi, however, is very low, restricting their industrial application. Although the isolation and characterization of PDEs has been performed, success has been limited, because of the diversity of PDEs, signal transduction specificity in response to carbon sources and the complex synergy of PDEs required to degrade plant biomass (Zhang and Zhang, 2013;Parameswaran et al, 2018;Schmoll, 2018;Antonieto et al, 2019;Srivastava et al, 2019). Breeding by genetic modification has been a potential strategy to improve fungal enzyme production.…”

“…Lignocelluloses are degraded into glucose (GLU) through the synergistic action of cellobiohydrolase (CBH), endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EG) and BGLs (Wang et al, 2013). Of these, BGL plays key roles in lignocellulosic bioconversion, directly affecting the operational cost of bio-refineries (Srivastava et al, 2019). Genomic annotation of the P. oxalicum wild-type strain HP7-1 revealed 477 genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), including three CBH genes, 11 EG genes, 11 BGL genes and 11 endo-β-1,4-xylanase (XYN) genes, and 484 genes encoding putative TFs (Zhao et al, 2016).…”

Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol Obtained from Renewable Biomass—A Suitable Substrate for the Growth of Candida zeylanoides Yeast Strain ATCC 20367

“…Green biofuels have gained the attention of researchers in the last decades, not only because of the imminent exhaustion of the fossil fuels, but also due to the renewable biomass’ potential to be converted into bio-combustibles with high efficiency [1,2]. Biofuels, and particularly biodiesel, can be successfully produced from biomass through catalytic reactions [3,4,5].…”