Microbial Assessment of Turkey (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Meleagris ocellata&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) and Duck (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Anas platyrhynchos&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) Faeces (Droppings) in Akure Metropolis

Adegunloye, Deke Victoria; Adejumo, Felix Abiodun

doi:10.4236/aim.2014.412085

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…gallolyticus directly from dissolved faecal samples. Considering the variety of different cultivable species in faeces from turkeys [ 36 ] the used medium showed an acceptable selectivity. This selectivity was confirmed by identifying 82 out of 86 (95%) presumed S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Turkey Flocks: A Reservoir of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus

et al. 2015

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Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (S. gallolyticus) can colonise the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals and is known to cause similar infections in both humans and animals. Data about the spread or prevalence in farm animals are missing. In this study, Trypton Soya Agar was modified to a selective medium enabling the isolation and quantification of S. gallolyticus from faecal samples. The bacterium was observed in 82 out of 91 faecal samples obtained from 18 different organic turkey flocks. The prevalence of shedding birds was estimated by the number of positive fresh droppings and reached up to 100% on most farms. Furthermore, for the first time S. gallolyticus was quantified in faeces from poultry flocks. The median of colony forming units (CFU) per gramme faeces was 3.6 x 105CFU/g. Typing of one isolate from each positive faecal sample by multilocus sequence typing delivered 24 sequence types (STs). Most of the isolates belonged to the clonal complex CC58. The same STs of this complex were detected in up to six different flocks. Partly, these flocks were located in various regions and stocked with varying breeding lines. Regarding the biochemical profiles of the same STs from different farms, the results did not contradict a spread of specific STs in the organic turkey production. Moreover, checking the pubMLST database revealed that STs found in this study were also found in other animal species and in humans. The high detection rate and the number of S. gallolyticus in turkey faeces indicate that this bacterium probably belongs to the common microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of turkeys from organic flocks. Furthermore, the findings of this study support the suggestion of a possible interspecies transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Turkey Flocks: A Reservoir of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus

et al. 2015

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“…[9] Fungal cells were stained using Lactophenol cotton blue and examined at a low power magnification (X40) using a light microscope. The results were compared with the descriptions in a fungal Atlas as previously reported [11].…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Effects of Two Medicinal Plants and Common Disinfectants against Air-Borne Fungi in Poultry House

Anagor

Umedum

Ezekwueche

et al. 2019

JAMB

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Aim: This research was undertaken to compare the antifungal effects of Eupatorium odoratum leaf extract and Vernonia amygdalina extracts with common disinfectants on air-borne fungi in poultry houses. Place and Duration of Study: Air in four poultry farms within Ihiala Local Government Area, Anambra State was sampled between March 2017 and October 2017. Methodology: Poultry air of four different sites at Uli town in Ihiala local government area of Anambra state in Nigeria, were sampled using Sedimentation and Volumetric methods. Fresh leaves of Eupatorium odoratum and Vernonia amygdalina were collected from Uli town, Anambra State, air-dried, processed and extracted using Ethanol and water. Four-hundred (400) mg of the crude extracts were evaluated for Antifungal activity using agar diffusion method. The MIC and MFC were determined using Broth dilution methods. Results: Five isolates namely, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tubingensis, Candida akabanensis, Candida rugosa, and Fusarium solani were identified. Antimicrobial evaluation of the crude extracts showed that ethanol extract of Eupatorium odoratum had activity against all the test isolates except Candida akabenensis and Fusarium solani. The aqueous extracts of Eupatorium odoratum and Vernonia amygladina had activity against all the isolate except Candida akabenensis and Fusarium solani and Candida rugosa. Common disinfectants used in this study namely Izal and Polidine showed inhibitory activity against all the isolates. Ethanol extract of Eupatorium odoratum recorded a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 mg/ml against A. flaus, F. solani, and A. tubingensis, while the minimum inhibitory concentration for Candida rugosa is 200 mg/ml. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Ethanol extract of Eupatorium odoratum against A. flaus, F. solani, Candida rugosa and A. tubingensis were 200 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml respectively. Aqueous extract of Eupatorium odoratum recorded a minimum inhibitory concentration of 200 mg/ml against A. flaus and A. tubingensis, while the minimum inhibitory concentration against Candida rugosa is 400 mg/ml. The minimum fungicidal concentration of Aqueous extract of Eupatorium odoratum, were 200 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml for A. flaus, Candida rugosa and A. tubingensis respectively. Ethanol extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf had lower minimum inhibitory concentrations of 100 mg/ml against A. flavus, A. tubingensis respectively, and 200 mg/ml against F. solani, while the minimum fungicidal concentrations recorded for A. flavus, A. tubingensis and F. solani were 200 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. Aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 200 mg/ml and 400 mg/ml against A. flavus and A. tubingensis with a minimum fungicidal concentration of 400 mg/ml for both isolates only. The Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of both Izal and Polidine was between 12.5% V/V and 50% V/V against all the isolates except Polidine that had minimum fungicidal concentration of 100% V/V against Candida rugosa. Conclusion: The extracts of Eupatorium odoratum and Vernonia amygdalina has antifungal activity against all the isolates except Candida akabenensis. If considered and used as a disinfectant during misting, it may decrease the cost of disinfecting poultry farms using available disinfectants in the market. These suggestion, however, need further work to validate reliability.

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“…The domestic ducks which belong to the Anas platyrhynchos are among the domesticated poultry species reared in most developing countries of Africa including Nigeria [1]. They plays significant role in household nutrition as animal protein in the form of meat and eggs as well as being a reliable source of petty cash source from the sale of live birds and eggs [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Detection of Haemoparasites in Muscovy Ducks (Anas Platyrynchos) in Gombe State, Nigeria

Lawal

Biu

Ibrahim

2019

International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research

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This present study aimed to detect haemosporidians from the blood of Muscovy ducks in Gombe State Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 880 apparently healthy ducks of both sexes from the month of April, 2015 to February, 2016. Microscopic examination of Giemsa stained thin blood films revealed 16.14% overall prevalent rate of haemoparasites. The prevalence was found to be highest in Yamaltu/Deba LGA (23.08%) and least in Funakaye LGA (7.83%). Among the four genera of haemoparasites detected, Aegyptinella species (7.73%) was most prevalent followed by Leucocytozoon species (5.57%) and Haemoproteus species (2.16%) while Plasmodium specie (0.68%) was the least. Prevalence rate was found to be significantly higher (p<0.0001) in the young (22.68%) compared to the adults (10.43%) ducks. The female (18.54%) were found to be more infected than the male (13.58%) ducks, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.0565). The prevalence of haemoparasites was found to be significantly (p<0.0001) higher during the rainy (24.55%) compared to the dry (7.27%) season. This present study represents the first to provide evidence of haemoparasites in Muscovy ducks in Gombe State, Nigeria. There is need for further researches on the epidemiology of haemoparasites in Muscovy ducks reared under extensive management system in Nigeria. Strategic control of arthropods and maintenance of strict biosecurity in and around poultry houses will curb transmission of arthropod borne haemoparasites among village poultry species. Contribution/Originality: This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the occurrence of avian haemoparasites in free range Muscovy ducks in developing countries including Nigeria. The study has also contributed to the existing literatures concerning haemoparasites infections in domesticated ducks in the world.

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Microbial Assessment of Turkey (<i>Meleagris ocellata</i> L.) and Duck (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i> L.) Faeces (Droppings) in Akure Metropolis

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Organic Turkey Flocks: A Reservoir of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus

Organic Turkey Flocks: A Reservoir of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus

Comparative Effects of Two Medicinal Plants and Common Disinfectants against Air-Borne Fungi in Poultry House

Microscopic Detection of Haemoparasites in Muscovy Ducks (Anas Platyrynchos) in Gombe State, Nigeria

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