Microbial Adaptation to Enhance Stress Tolerance

Tan, Yong-Shui; Zhang, Ren-Kuan; Liu, Zhihua; Li, Bingzhi; Yuan, Ying‐Jin

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.888746

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…along elevational gradients (Figure 2a). The threshold shifted upward at our study site, probably due to the adaptation of microorganisms that survived at high altitudes for a long time (Berry & Foegeding, 1997; Tan et al, 2022). The soil gross and net mineralization rates were significantly higher in the wet season than in the dry season (Figure 2a,c), which supports hypothesis I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Various seasonal patterns and potential mechanisms of soil nitrogen transformation along an elevational gradient in the Hengduan Mountains

et al. 2023

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Soil nitrogen (N) transformation, a key microbial process in global N cycling, is thought to alter soil N availability and subsequently regulate ecosystem functioning. In particular, the gross rates of N transformation can provide a deeper understanding of internal N dynamics and mechanisms, but questions of whether gross N transformation processes and their underlying drivers change with seasons and elevations remain large uncertain. Based on field collection along an elevational gradient and laboratory incubation experiments, we investigated the seasonal processes of soil N mineralization and nitrification with 15N isotope dilution technique, and also explored the potential mechanisms involved in the Hengduan Mountains. Unimodal soil gross/net mineralization rates were higher in the wet season (61.32 mg kg−1 day−1; 1.01 mg kg−1 day−1 respectively) than in the dry season (10.88 mg kg−1 day−1; 0.55 mg kg−1 day−1 respectively) (p < 0.001), with a peak at medium elevation. Soil gross/net nitrification rates were lower in the wet season (1.43 mg kg−1 day−1; −0.017 mg kg−1 day−1) than in the dry season (2.49 mg kg−1 day−1; 0.004 mg kg−1 day−1 respectively) (p < 0.001), which increased with increasing elevation. The results detected the dominant drivers of the gross transformation rates, specifically microbial attributes occupied crucial roles in controlling the gross mineralization/nitrification in the wet season, and soil physicochemical properties were dominant controllers on the gross mineralization/nitrification during the dry season. This study revealed the divergent patterns and drivers of N transformation, suggesting that seasonal N cycling should no longer be overlooked if we are to predict N biogeochemical cycles in response to environmental change accurately. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Various seasonal patterns and potential mechanisms of soil nitrogen transformation along an elevational gradient in the Hengduan Mountains

et al. 2023

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“…Efflux pumps enable bacteria to survive in part by regulation of stress through stress responses and controlling their environment (Webber and Piddock, 2003;Blanco et al, 2016;Du et al, 2018). Bacterial stress response encourages adaptation for survival (Tan et al, 2022) and in pathogenic bacteria promotes virulence in stressful environments (Flores- Kim and Darwin, 2014). Genes that regulate bacterial stress response (e.g., marA, soxS, and sdiA) also regulate efflux pump (e.g., acrA, acrB, tolC that form AcrAB-TolC efflux pump) multidrug resistance genes (Giuliodori et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gastrointestinal antibiotic resistome in pediatric leukemia and lymphoma patients

MacDonald

Dunn

Macdonald

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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IntroductionMost children with leukemia and lymphoma experience febrile neutropenia. These are treated with empiric antibiotics that include β-lactams and/or vancomycin. These are often administered for extended periods, and the effect on the resistome is unknown.MethodsWe examined the impact of repeated courses and duration of antibiotic use on the resistome of 39 pediatric leukemia and lymphoma patients. Shotgun metagenome sequences from 127 stool samples of pediatric oncology patients were examined for abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in each sample. Abundances were grouped by repeated courses (no antibiotics, 1-2 courses, 3+ courses) and duration (no use, short duration, long and/or mixed durationg) of β-lactams, vancomycin and “any antibiotic” use. We assessed changes in both taxonomic composition and prevalence of ARGs among these groups.ResultsWe found that Bacteroidetes taxa and β-lactam resistance genes decreased, while opportunistic Firmicutes and Proteobacteria taxa, along with multidrug resistance genes, increased with repeated courses and/or duration of antibiotics. Efflux pump related genes predominated (92%) among the increased multidrug genes. While we found β-lactam ARGs present in the resistome, the taxa that appear to contain them were kept in check by antibiotic treatment. Multidrug ARGs, mostly efflux pumps or regulators of efflux pump genes, were associated with opportunistic pathogens, and both increased in the resistome with repeated antibiotic use and/or increased duration.ConclusionsGiven the strong association between opportunistic pathogens and multidrug-related efflux pumps, we suggest that drug efflux capacity might allow the opportunistic pathogens to persist or increase despite repeated courses and/or duration of antibiotics. While drug efflux is the most direct explanation, other mechanisms that enhance the ability of opportunistic pathogens to handle environmental stress, or other aspects of the treatment environment, could also contribute to their ability to flourish within the gut during treatment. Persistence of opportunistic pathogens in an already dysbiotic and weakened gastrointestinal tract could increase the likelihood of life-threatening blood borne infections. Of the 39 patients, 59% experienced at least one gastrointestinal or blood infection and 60% of bacteremia’s were bacteria found in stool samples. Antimicrobial stewardship and appropriate use and duration of antibiotics could help reduce morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.

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“…As the adaptation of bacteria to new environments is generally slower than the rate at which their environments can change, these stress-resistant species might already have some adaptations to environmental extremes and may be better able to withstand changes in their habitat than those that do not. This is because they may be more resistant to stress or more able to utilize different resources, which can give them a competitive advantage in new environments [ 98 ]. A metatranscriptomic study has highlighted that the physiological response of airborne microorganisms to stress is mainly linked to membrane modifications, iron uptake, and synthesis of cryo- and osmoprotectant [ 99 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Atmospheric and Lithospheric Culturable Bacterial Communities from Two Dissimilar Active Volcanic Sites, Surtsey Island and Fimmvörðuháls Mountain in Iceland

et al. 2023

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Surface microbes are aerosolized into the atmosphere by wind and events such as dust storms and volcanic eruptions. Before they reach their deposition site, they experience stressful atmospheric conditions which preclude the successful dispersal of a large fraction of cells. In this study, our objectives were to assess and compare the atmospheric and lithospheric bacterial cultivable diversity of two geographically different Icelandic volcanic sites: the island Surtsey and the Fimmvörðuháls mountain, to predict the origin of the culturable microbes from these sites, and to select airborne candidates for further investigation. Using a combination of MALDI Biotyper analysis and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a total of 1162 strains were identified, belonging to 72 species affiliated to 40 genera with potentially 26 new species. The most prevalent phyla identified were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between atmospheric and lithospheric microbial communities, with distinct communities in Surtsey’s air. By combining the air mass back trajectories and the analysis of the closest representative species of our isolates, we concluded that 85% of our isolates came from the surrounding environments and only 15% from long distances. The taxonomic proportions of the isolates were reflected by the site’s nature and location.

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Microbial Adaptation to Enhance Stress Tolerance

Cited by 39 publications

References 101 publications

Various seasonal patterns and potential mechanisms of soil nitrogen transformation along an elevational gradient in the Hengduan Mountains

Various seasonal patterns and potential mechanisms of soil nitrogen transformation along an elevational gradient in the Hengduan Mountains

The gastrointestinal antibiotic resistome in pediatric leukemia and lymphoma patients

Comparison of Atmospheric and Lithospheric Culturable Bacterial Communities from Two Dissimilar Active Volcanic Sites, Surtsey Island and Fimmvörðuháls Mountain in Iceland

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