Microbial Activity in Relation to Soil Humus Formation

Martin, James P.; Haider, K.

doi:10.1097/00010694-197101000-00007

Cited by 195 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies of phenol adsorption on smectite clays have indicated that oxidative polymerization to humic acid-like materials can occur (Thompson and Moll, 1973;Martin and Haider, 1971;Wang et al, 1978;Flaig et al, 1975;Stevenson, 1982). The oxidation process is facilitated by the presence of certain transition metal ions, such as Mn, Fe, and Cu (Larson and Hufnal, 1980;Sawhney, 1985;Fenn et aL, 1973;Shindo and Huang, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Indeed, several of the organic compounds Copyright 9 1988, The Clay Minerals Society classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as priority pollutants are phenols (Chapman et al, 1982). The fate of phenols in the soil environment and their removal from aqueous waste streams is complicated by their low solubility, ability to ionize, low vapor pressure, and tendency to undergo oxidation and oxidative polymerization to humic and fulvic acid-type products (Thompson and Moll, 1973;Martin and Haider, 1971;Wang et al, 1978;Flaig et al, 1975;Stevenson, 1982). The oxidation processes are facilitated by clays and other mineral surfaces containing redox active metal ions, such as Cu, Fe, and Mn (Larson and Hufnal, 1980;Sawhney, 1985;Fenn et al,, 1973;Shindo and Huang, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modified Clays for the Adsorption of Environmental Toxicants: Binding of Chlorophenols to Pillared, Delaminated, and Hydroxy-Interlayered Smectites

Zielke

1988

Clays and clay miner.

104

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Abstract--Due to their unique polarity, pore-size distribution, and high surface areas, pillared and delaminated clays are potentially useful materials for the adsorption of environmenlal toxicants. To determine their properties for adsorption of chlorinated phenols, alumina-pillared montmorillonite (APM), chromia-pillared montmorillonite (CPM), and alumina-delaminated Laponite (ADL) were reacted with aqueous pentachlorophenol (PCP) solutions in batch equilibrium experiments. An hydroxy-A1 Laponite (HAL) in which the Na + exchange ions were replaced by ions of the type AlI304(OH)(24+x)(H20)(I2 .)(7-• was included in the study. With ADL as the adsorbent, the extent of PCP adsorption increased with decreasing pH, and then became constant at pH _< pKa. Thus, the neutral phenol was preferred over the phenolate form. Binding of neutral PCP at pH 4.7 to all adsorbents never reached saturation values, and the loadings achieved were limited by the water solubility of the adsorbate. Among the pillared and delaminated clays investigated, ADL exhibited the largest capacity for physical adsorption of PCP at pH 4.7. Differences in the PCP binding capacities for APM, CPM, and ADL suggested that adsorption was dependent on the pore structure and surface composition of the modified clay adsorbent, not on surface area alone. HAL exhibited quantitative uptake of PCP at the 8 #mole/g level, indicating that a chemisorption mechanism may operate for PCP binding to this adsorbent. Adsorption of 3-chlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol by ADL at pH 7.4 increased as the degree of hydrophobicity and chlorination of the phenol increased; hence, the binding capacity was not limited by the molecular size of the adsorbate. In contrast to the adsorption properties observed for pillared, delaminated, and hydroxy-interlayered clays, Na+-montmoriUonite and Na+-Laponite did not adsorb PCP from aqueous solution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Clays for the Adsorption of Environmental Toxicants: Binding of Chlorophenols to Pillared, Delaminated, and Hydroxy-Interlayered Smectites

Zielke

1988

Clays and clay miner.

104

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“…Moreover, compared with NR35, FAs from aeration reactors revealed 20% -50% higher content in carboxylic carbon. The increase in carboxyl carbon was accompanied by the decrease in alkyl carbon and O-alkyl carbon, indicating that the main structural variation in FAs originated from the oxidation of alcohol side chain of lignin structure to yield by carboxylation a COOH group [54].…”

Section: Solid-state 13 C-nmrmentioning

confidence: 98%

Monitoring transitory profiles of leachate humic substances in landfill aeration reactors in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions

Tong

Yin

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…In contrast, microorganisms have a much narrower C/N ratio, i.e., between 5 and 12, as their cell walls are made from nitrogen containing mucopolysaccharides. Element ratios of organic matter are widely used to track the origin of organic matter (Martin and Haider 1971;Turchenek and Oades 1979;Guggenberger et al 1999;Gleixner et al 2001;Kogel-Knabner 2002).…”

Section: Soil Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil organic matter dynamics: a biological perspective derived from the use of compound‐specific isotopes studies

Gleixner

2013

Ecological Research

203

147

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Microbial Activity in Relation to Soil Humus Formation

Cited by 195 publications

References 0 publications

Modified Clays for the Adsorption of Environmental Toxicants: Binding of Chlorophenols to Pillared, Delaminated, and Hydroxy-Interlayered Smectites

Modified Clays for the Adsorption of Environmental Toxicants: Binding of Chlorophenols to Pillared, Delaminated, and Hydroxy-Interlayered Smectites

Monitoring transitory profiles of leachate humic substances in landfill aeration reactors in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions

Soil organic matter dynamics: a biological perspective derived from the use of compound‐specific isotopes studies

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