Microbial activities in soil near natural gas leaks

Adamse, A. D.; Hoeks, J.; Bont, J.A.M. de; Kessel, John F.

doi:10.1007/bf00425043

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Droughts such as the one plaguing Southern California since 2012/2013 (Swain et al, 2014;Griffin and Anchukaitis, 2014) can reduce the ability of soil microbes to remove methane and ethane released underground into the soils (van den Pol-van Dasselaar et al, 1998;Adamse et al, 1972). The constant CH 4 emissions and growing C 2 H 6 emissions since 2012 would require a compensating decrease in biogenic emissions of CH 4 to offset this effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the loss of processed natural gas within California's South Coast Air Basin using long-term measurements of ethane and methane

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Methane emissions inventories for Southern California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) have underestimated emissions from atmospheric measurements. To provide insight into the sources of the discrepancy, we analyze records of atmospheric trace gas total column abundances in the SoCAB starting in the late 1980s to produce annual estimates of the ethane emissions from 1989 to 2015 and methane emissions from 2007 to 2015. The first decade of measurements shows a rapid decline in ethane emissions coincident with decreasing natural gas and crude oil production in the basin. Between 2010 and 2015, however, ethane emissions have grown gradually from about 13 ± 5 to about 23 ± 3 Gg yr −1 , despite the steady production of natural gas and oil over that time period. The methane emissions record begins with 1 year of measurements in 2007 and continuous measurements from 2011 to 2016 and shows little trend over time, with an average emission rate of 413 ± 86 Gg yr −1 . Since 2012, ethane to methane ratios in the natural gas withdrawn from a storage facility within the SoCAB have been increasing by 0.62 ± 0.05 % yr −1 , consistent with the ratios measured in the delivered gas. Our atmospheric measurements also show an increase in these ratios but with a slope of 0.36 ± 0.08 % yr −1 , or 58 ± 13 % of the slope calculated from the withdrawn gas. From this, we infer that more than half of the excess methane in the SoCAB between 2012 and 2015 is attributable to losses from the natural gas infrastructure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the loss of processed natural gas within California's South Coast Air Basin using long-term measurements of ethane and methane

et al. 2016

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“…Their activity depends on the presence of sufficiently high concentrations of both methane and oxygen, and so they tend to be confiied to fairly narrow horizontal bands within their habitat, limited in their distribution by the downward diffusion of atmospheric oxygen and the upward diffusion of methane. Adamse et al (1972) and Hoeks (1972) demonstrated methane oxidation activity around leaks in natural gas pipes. Mancinelli et a1 (1981) showed methane oxidation in soils above landfill sites and Mancinelli and McKay (1985) estimated that approximately 10% of the methane produced by a landfill is oxidized by the methanotrophic bacteria in landfill cover.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fluxes of methane between landfills and the atmosphere: natural and engineered controls

Bogner

Meadows

Czepiel

1997

Soil Use and Management

136

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Ahtract. Field measurement of landfill methane emissions indicates natural variability spanning more than seven orders of magnitude, from approximately 0.0004 to more than 4000 g m day . This wide range reflects net emissions resulting fiom production (methanogenesis), consumption (methanotrophic oxidation), and gaseous transport processes. The determination of an "average" emission rate for a given field site requires sampling designs and statistical techniques which consider spatial and temporal variability. Moreover, particularly at sites with pumped gas recovery systems, it is possible for methanotrophic microorganisms in aerated cover soils to oxidize all of the methane from landfill sources below and, additionally, to oxidize methane d f i s i n g into cover soils from atmospheric sources above. In such cases, a reversed soil gas concentration gradient is observed in shallow cover soils, indicating bidirectional diffusional transport to the depth of optimum methane oxidation. Rates of landfill methane oxidation from field and laboratory incubation studies range up to 166 g m day , among the highest for any natural setting, providing an effective natural control on net emissions. It has been shown that methanotrophs in landfill soils can adapt rapidly to elevated methane concentrations with increased rates of methane oxidation related to depth of oxygen penetration, soil moisture, and the nutrient status of the soil.Estimates of worldwide landfill methane emissions to the atmosphere have ranged fiom 9 to 70 Tg yr-', differing mainly in assumed methane yields from estimated quantities of landfilled refuse. At highly controlled landfill sites in developed countries, landfill methane is often collected via vertical wells or horizontal collectors. Recovery of landfill methane through engineered systems can provide both environmental and energy benefits by mitigating subsurface migration, reducing surface emissions, and providing an alternative energy resource for industrial boiler use, on-site electrical generation, or upgrading to a substitute natural gas. Manipulation of landfill cover soils to maximize their oxidation potential could provide a complementary strategy for controlling methane emissions, particularly at older sites where the methane concentration in landfill gas is too low for energy recovery or flaring. For the future, it is necessary to better quanti@ net emissions relative to rates of methane production, oxidation, and transport. Field measurements, manipulative studies, and model development are currently underway at various spatial scales in several countries. Introduction and BackgroundGlobal landfilling practices vary widely and are a major determinant of methane generation and emission rates at a given site. At most controlled landfills, rehse is placed in discrete cells covered by replaced natural soils of local derivation; thus it is appropriate to investigate the range of physical, chemical, and microbiological soil processes active in landfill settings. The rates and controlling var...

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“…Previous studies on leaking CH 4 gas have also caused the same stress symptoms on above-ground vegetation as both CO 2 and CH 4 gases displace O 2 gas from the soil (Arthur et al, 1985;Hoeks, 1972;Smith et al, 2005;Smith, 2002) thus depriving the plant roots off O 2 for respiration, which in turn affects other plant functions viz., water and nutrient uptake, evapotranspiration, photosynthesis and ultimately plant growth. In fact, Adamse et al (1972) suggested that for the proper functioning of a healthy root system, a minimum soil O 2 concentration of 12-14% is required, whereas at ASGARD site in the gassed plots this was not the case. Macek et al (2005), Vodnik et al (2006) and Pfanz et al (2007) studied plant responses in relation to measured soil CO 2 concentrations at a natural CO 2 spring in Slovenia.…”

Section: Effect Of Co 2 Gassing On Pasture Grass Stress Symptoms and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Carbon Dioxide Gas Leaks from Geological Storage Sites on Soil Ecology and Above-Ground Vegetation

Patil¹

2012

Diversity of Ecosystems

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Microbial activities in soil near natural gas leaks

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

Quantifying the loss of processed natural gas within California's South Coast Air Basin using long-term measurements of ethane and methane

Quantifying the loss of processed natural gas within California's South Coast Air Basin using long-term measurements of ethane and methane

Fluxes of methane between landfills and the atmosphere: natural and engineered controls

Impacts of Carbon Dioxide Gas Leaks from Geological Storage Sites on Soil Ecology and Above-Ground Vegetation

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