Microbes on the human vaginal epithelium

Hyman, Richard W.; Fukushima, Marilyn; Diamond, Lisa; Kumm, Jochen; Giudice, Linda C.; Davis, Ronald W.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0503236102

Cited by 283 publications

(271 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In contrast, women with a Lactobacillus-dominated genital microbiota typically have > 75% Lactobacillus sequences. [13][14][15][16]22 Second, the macaque genital microbiota was relatively polymicrobial, which is a feature not usually found in healthy microbiota in women, but that is common in BV. [13][14][15][16] Thus, the number of genera found in the macaques ranged from a median of 6 to a median of 17.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11] Cultivation biases are well known, 12 and recent studies that used molecular techniques to identify genital bacteria indicate that many of the bacteria that are present in the genital tract of women are not cultivable or are difficult to cultivate. 13,14 For example, bacteria from the genus Sneathia, in the phylum Fusobacteria, cannot be cultured using current methods, but make up a substantial proportion of the microbiota in some women with BV. 15,16 Furthermore, the type of culture medium used for isolation of genital bacteria can bias the types of cultivatable bacteria found.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Assessment of Pigtailed Macaque Lower Genital Tract Microbiota by Pyrosequencing Reveals Dissimilarity to the Genital Microbiota of Healthy Humans

Spear

Kersh

Guenthner

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Vaginal bacterial communities play an important role in human health and have been shown to influence HIV infection. Pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) are used as an animal model of HIV vaginal infection of women. Since the bacterial microbiota could influence retrovirus infection of pigtailed macaques, the genital microbiota in 10 cycling macaques was determined by pyrosequencing. The microbiota of all macaques was polymicrobial with a median of 13 distinct genera. Strikingly, the genera Sneathia and Fusobacterium, both in the phylum Fusobacteria, accounted for 18.9% and 13.3% of sequences while the next most frequent were Prevotella (5.6%), Porphyromonas (4.1%), Atopobium (3.6%), and Parvimonas (2.6%). Sequences corresponding to Lactobacillus comprised only 2.2% of sequences on average and were essentially all L. amylovorus. Longitudinal sampling of the 10 macaques over an 8-week period, which spanned at least one full ovulatory cycle, showed a generally stable presence of the major types of bacteria with some exceptions. These studies show that the microbiota of the pigtailed macaques is substantially dissimilar to that found in most healthy humans, where the genital microbiota is usually dominated by Lactobacillus sp. The polymicrobial makeup of the macaque bacterial populations, the paucity of lactobacilli, and the specific types of bacteria present suggest that the pigtailed macaque microbiota could influence vaginal retrovirus infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Assessment of Pigtailed Macaque Lower Genital Tract Microbiota by Pyrosequencing Reveals Dissimilarity to the Genital Microbiota of Healthy Humans

Spear

Kersh

Guenthner

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…Upon delivery, the neonate is exposed to a wide variety of microbes, many of which are provided by the mother during and after the passage through the birth canal, an ecosystem heavily colonized by a relatively limited set of bacterial taxa (1,2). Babies are born with immunological tolerance that is instructed by the mother by preferential induction of regulatory T lymphocytes (3), which might allow the baby to become colonized by this first inoculum.…”

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confidence: 99%

Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns

Domínguez-Bello

Costello²,

Contreras

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

3,880

104

3,254

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Upon delivery, the neonate is exposed for the first time to a wide array of microbes from a variety of sources, including maternal bacteria. Although prior studies have suggested that delivery mode shapes the microbiota's establishment and, subsequently, its role in child health, most researchers have focused on specific bacterial taxa or on a single body habitat, the gut. Thus, the initiation stage of human microbiome development remains obscure. The goal of the present study was to obtain a community-wide perspective on the influence of delivery mode and body habitat on the neonate's first microbiota. We used multiplexed 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing to characterize bacterial communities from mothers and their newborn babies, four born vaginally and six born via Cesarean section. Mothers’ skin, oral mucosa, and vagina were sampled 1 h before delivery, and neonates’ skin, oral mucosa, and nasopharyngeal aspirate were sampled <5 min, and meconium <24 h, after delivery. We found that in direct contrast to the highly differentiated communities of their mothers, neonates harbored bacterial communities that were undifferentiated across multiple body habitats, regardless of delivery mode. Our results also show that vaginally delivered infants acquired bacterial communities resembling their own mother's vaginal microbiota, dominated by Lactobacillus , Prevotella, or Sneathia spp., and C-section infants harbored bacterial communities similar to those found on the skin surface, dominated by Staphylococcus , Corynebacterium , and Propionibacterium spp. These findings establish an important baseline for studies tracking the human microbiome's successional development in different body habitats following different delivery modes, and their associated effects on infant health.

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“…Es capaz de colonizar al hospedero sin causar enfermedad, producién-dose así un balance con el sistema inmune 15,16 . Estudios sobre la microbiota normal vaginal han determinado que E. coli no es un miembro de la microbiota del ecosistema vaginal 17 .…”

unclassified

Análisis genético y propiedades virulentas de cepas de Escherichia coliaisladas desde infección vaginal

Lobos

Padilla

2013

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Microbes on the human vaginal epithelium

Cited by 283 publications

References 26 publications

Longitudinal Assessment of Pigtailed Macaque Lower Genital Tract Microbiota by Pyrosequencing Reveals Dissimilarity to the Genital Microbiota of Healthy Humans

Longitudinal Assessment of Pigtailed Macaque Lower Genital Tract Microbiota by Pyrosequencing Reveals Dissimilarity to the Genital Microbiota of Healthy Humans

Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns

Análisis genético y propiedades virulentas de cepas de Escherichia coliaisladas desde infección vaginal

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