Microbes and associated soluble and volatile chemicals on periodically wet household surfaces

Adams, Rachel I.; Lymperopoulou, Despoina S.; Misztal, Pawel K.; Pessotti, Rita de Cássia; Behie, Scott W.; Tian, Yilin; Goldstein, Allen H.; Lindow, Steven E.; Nazaroff, William W.; Taylor, John W.; Traxler, Matthew F.; Bruns, Thomas D.

doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0347-6

Cited by 47 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Some seasonal difference was observed at this house for surface microbial biomass. As reported by Adams et al, who sampled periodically wet surfaces (including the kitchen sink) in the studied house, greater biomass was detected in the summer campaign than during the winter campaign.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Fluorescent biological aerosol particles: Concentrations, emissions, and exposures in a northern California residence

et al. 2018

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Residences represent an important site for bioaerosol exposure. We studied bioaerosol concentrations, emissions, and exposures in a single-family residence in northern California with 2 occupants using real-time instrumentation during 2 monitoring campaigns (8 weeks during August-October 2016 and 5 weeks during January-March 2017). Time- and size-resolved fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAP) and total airborne particles were measured in real time in the kitchen using an ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UVAPS). Time-resolved occupancy status, household activity data, air-change rates, and spatial distribution of size-resolved particles were also determined throughout the house. Occupant activities strongly influenced indoor FBAP levels. Indoor FBAP concentrations were an order of magnitude higher when the house was occupied than when the house was vacant. Applying an integral material-balance approach, geometric mean of total FBAP emissions from human activities observed to perturb indoor levels were in the range of 10-50 million particles per event. During the summer and winter campaigns, occupants spent an average of 10 and 8.5 hours per day, respectively, awake and at home. During these hours, the geometric mean daily-averaged FBAP exposure concentration (1-10 μm diameter) was similar for each subject at 40 particles/L for summer and 29 particles/L for winter.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Fluorescent biological aerosol particles: Concentrations, emissions, and exposures in a northern California residence

et al. 2018

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“…[1][2][3][4] These manufactured compounds exist alongside a wide range of naturally occurring and chemically formed SVOCs 2,5 and water-soluble gases 6 as a result of cooking, the use and chemical transformation of consumer products, microbial processes, 7 and volatilization of particulate matter. [1][2][3][4] These manufactured compounds exist alongside a wide range of naturally occurring and chemically formed SVOCs 2,5 and water-soluble gases 6 as a result of cooking, the use and chemical transformation of consumer products, microbial processes, 7 and volatilization of particulate matter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the formation and growth of organic films on indoor surfaces

et al. 2018

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Emission, transport, and fate of semi‐volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), which include plasticizers, flame retardants, pesticides, biocides, and oxidation products of volatile organic compounds, are influenced in part by their tendency to sorb to indoor surfaces. A thin organic film enhances this effect, because it acts as both an SVOC sink and a source, thus potentially prolonging human exposure. Unfortunately, our ability to describe the initial formation and subsequent growth of organic films on indoor surfaces is limited. To overcome this gap, we propose a mass transfer model accounting for adsorption, condensation, and absorption of multiple gas‐phase SVOCs on impervious, vertical indoor surfaces. Further model development and experimental research are needed including more realistic scenarios accounting for surface heterogeneity, non‐ideal organic mixtures, and particle deposition.

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“…For example, urine-and fecesassociated bacteria have been shown to be more common on toilet seats and toilet handles than on other surfaces [53]; bacteria associated with fresh produce have been shown to be more common on kitchen countertops and inside refrigerators [54]; and bacteria associated with leaves and soil have been shown to be more common on the interior and exterior trim of doors that open to the outside than other (more interior) home surface locations [55]. Conversely, on surfaces that frequently have high moisture levels, such as those in bathrooms and kitchens (e.g., shower curtains, sinks, and countertops), rich microbial biofilms can form community assemblages that closely resemble those found in plumbing systems and water reservoirs [56][57][58]. Investigating differences both within and between homes, Lax et al (2014) demonstrated that bacterial communities on different surfaces in an individual home showed strong similarities for some surfaces (e.g., kitchen floors were similar to bedroom floors and both were similar to human feet; and kitchen light switches were similar to the front doorknob, which were also similar to occupants' hands) but not for others (e.g., kitchen countertops and human noses were distinct from doorknobs) [3••].…”

Section: Microbial Community Ecology On Fomite Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Exchange via Fomites and Implications for Human Health

et al. 2019

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Purpose of Review Fomites are inanimate objects that become colonized with microbes and serve as potential intermediaries for transmission to/from humans. This review summarizes recent literature on fomite contamination and microbial survival in the built environment, transmission between fomites and humans, and implications for human health. Recent Findings Applications of molecular sequencing techniques to analyze microbial samples have increased our understanding of the microbial diversity that exists in the built environment. This growing body of research has established that microbial communities on surfaces include substantial diversity, with considerable dynamics. While many microbial taxa likely die or lay dormant, some organisms survive, including those that are potentially beneficial, benign, or pathogenic. Surface characteristics also influence microbial survival and rates of transfer to and from humans. Recent research has combined experimental data, mechanistic modeling, and epidemiological approaches to shed light on the likely contributors to microbial exchange between fomites and humans and their contributions to adverse (and even potentially beneficial) human health outcomes. Summary In addition to concerns for fomite transmission of potential pathogens, new analytical tools have uncovered other microbial matters that can be transmitted indirectly via fomites, including entire microbial communities and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Mathematical models and epidemiological approaches can provide insight on human health implications. However, both are subject to limitations associated with study design, and there is a need to better understand appropriate input model parameters. Fomites remain an important mechanism of transmission of many microbes, along with direct contact and short-and long-range aerosols.

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Microbes and associated soluble and volatile chemicals on periodically wet household surfaces

Cited by 47 publications

References 82 publications

Fluorescent biological aerosol particles: Concentrations, emissions, and exposures in a northern California residence

Fluorescent biological aerosol particles: Concentrations, emissions, and exposures in a northern California residence

Modeling the formation and growth of organic films on indoor surfaces

Microbial Exchange via Fomites and Implications for Human Health

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