Microbe‐Mediated Biosynthesis of Multidimensional Carbon‐Based Materials for Energy Storage Applications

Abstract

Biosynthesis methods are considered to be a promising technology for engineering new carbon‐based materials or redesigning the existing ones for specific purposes with the aid of synthetic biology. Lots of biosynthetic processes including metabolism, fermentation, biological mineralization, and gene editing have been adopted to prepare novel carbon‐based materials with exceptional properties that cannot be realized by traditional chemical methods, because microbes evolved to possess special abilities to modulate components/structure of materials. In this review, the recent development on carbon‐based materials prepared via different biosynthesis methods and various microbe factories (such as bacteria, yeasts, fungus, viruses, proteins) are systematically reviewed. The types of biotechniques and the corresponding mechanisms for the synthesis of carbon‐based materials are outlined. This review also focuses on the structural design and compositional engineering of carbon‐based nanostructures (e.g., metals, semiconductors, metal oxides, metal sulfides, phosphates, Mxenes) derived from biotechnology and their applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. Moreover, the relationship of the architecture–composition–electrochemical behavior and performance enhancement mechanism is also deeply discussed and analyzed. Finally, the development perspectives and challenges on the biosynthetic carbons are proposed and may pave a new avenue for rational design of advanced materials for the low‐carbon economy.

Fluorine- and Acid-Free Strategy toward Scalable Fabrication of Two-Dimensional MXenes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…In comparison, Ti 3 C 2 T x -700 MXene presents a high capacity of 103.4 mAh g –1 . The capacities of MXene anodes gradually improve, which may be attributed to the electrolyte penetration and electrode activation during the cycling process. , After cycling, the layered structure is well maintained, proving the good structural stability of Ti 3 C 2 T x -700 MXene (Figure S15).…”

Plasma Technology for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage

“…Among them, electrochemical energy storage technologies and materials have been at the center of attention as the rapid development of electric vehicles. It is well known that the high performance of batteries mainly depends on the rational synthesis and modification of battery materials [4–7] . To date, numerous strategies have been adopted to optimize the phases, morphologies, nanostructures and compositions of key materials to enhance their electrochemical properties [8–10] .…”

Phase-Dependent Properties of Manganese Oxides and Applications in Electrovoltaics

“…Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been among the best-known solutions in this regard to meet the impending issues of energy crises, depletion of nonrenewable fuels, environmental degradation due to conventional batteries, and rising demand for clean energy. Despite remarkable successes including reasonably high energy density, long life cycle, and good rate capability, the research efforts to improve the performance of LIBs are still at the heart of research related to energy devices. , Graphite is the most commonly used anode material employed in LIBs that offers a theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g –1 . , The utilization of nanostructured materials for use as electrodes in LIBs has been extensively investigated in the recent past . However, these materials have been found suffering from structural degradation, low electrical conductivity, and significant volume change during lithium intercalation/deintercalation, leading to subpar cyclic performance of the battery …”

“… 1 , 2 Graphite is the most commonly used anode material employed in LIBs that offers a theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g –1 . 3 , 4 The utilization of nanostructured materials for use as electrodes in LIBs has been extensively investigated in the recent past. 5 However, these materials have been found suffering from structural degradation, low electrical conductivity, and significant volume change during lithium intercalation/deintercalation, leading to subpar cyclic performance of the battery.…”