Microarousals During Sleep Are Associated With Increased Levels of Lipids, Cortisol, and Blood Pressure

Ekstedt, Mirjam; Åkerstedt, Torbjörn; Söderström, Marie

doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000145821.25453.f7

Cited by 192 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…However, the interaction effect from the three-way ANOVA and the trend towards an interaction effect in the analysis of the morning values suggest that the overtime week was associated with an increase in the morning value at the end of the week, on Thursday. This finding may indicate that working overtime induced higher arousal, and this finding is supported by previous research that has found an association between high arousal and high morning cortisol (32). However, since the effect is rather weak, these data should be interpreted with caution.…”

Section: Tvaluesupporting

confidence: 75%

Overtime work and its effects on sleep, sleepiness, cortisol and blood pressure in an experimental field study

Dahlgren¹,

Kecklund²,

Åkerstedt³

2006

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Dahlgren A, Kecklund G, Åkerstedt T. Overtime work and its effects on sleep, sleepiness, cortisol and blood pressure in an experimental field study. Scand J Work Environ Health 2006;32(4):318-327.Objectives Previous studies of long workhours and their effects on stress, sleep, and health show inconclusive results. This inconclusiveness may be partly due to methodological problems such as the use of between-group designs or comparisons before and after reorganizations. In addition, stress is usually a confounder. A withinperson design was used to examine the effects of working 8-or 12-hour shifts in the absence of additional stress.Methods In an experimental field study, 16 white-collar workers [9 women, mean age 45.9 (SD 15) years] undertook one workweek with normal workhours (8 hours) and 1 week of overtime with 4 extra hours of regular worktasks (12 hours). The participants wore actigraphs, rated sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and stress throughout the day, and rated workload and how exhausted they felt. Saliva samples were collected on Mondays and Thursdays for cortisol analysis. On these days, ambulatory heart rate and blood pressure were also measured for 24 hours.Results Overtime was associated with higher levels of exhaustion. Sleepiness showed a significant interaction between conditions, with higher levels at the end of the workweek featuring overtime. Total sleep time was shorter in the overtime week. There were no significant differences between ratings of stress and workload. Cortisol showed a circadian variation but no main effect of condition.Conclusions One week of overtime work with a moderate workload produced no main effects on physiological stress markers. Nevertheless, sleep was negatively affected, with shorter sleeps during overtime work and greater problems with fatigue and sleepiness.

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Section: Tvaluesupporting

confidence: 75%

Overtime work and its effects on sleep, sleepiness, cortisol and blood pressure in an experimental field study

Dahlgren¹,

Kecklund²,

Åkerstedt³

2006

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Glucose tolerance is also increased in sleep disorders (107), as are the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (108,109). In the study of young burnout participants mentioned earlier, the frequency of micro-arousals was significantly related to cortisol levels, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and low-density lipoproteins (110).…”

Section: Stress and Sleep Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial stress and impaired sleep

Åkerstedt¹

2006

Scand J Work Environ Health

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463

380

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“…Experimental and epidemiological studies that describe the effect of sleep deprivation on glucose metabolism and other physiologic parameters, focus on short sleep duration, regardless of the continuity or discontinuity of sleep. Whereas most research on sleep fragmentation investigates behavioral or cognitive consequences such as daytime sleepiness, vigilance and cognitive and psychomotor performance, Ekstedt et al 19 reported that sleep fragmentation was also associated with elevated cortisol and cholesterol levels. The role of sleep fragmentation in the relationship between sleep duration and obesity has, to our knowledge, not been described earlier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actigraphic sleep duration and fragmentation are related to obesity in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study

et al. 2008

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Objective: The epidemiological evidence for the association between sleep duration and obesity in the elderly is inconsistent and has not been investigated with objective measures. Furthermore, the role of sleep fragmentation in this relationship is unknown. Our aim was to investigate the association of sleep measures with body mass index (BMI) and obesity in a normal elderly population. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: A total of 983 community-dwelling elderly (mean age 68.4±6.9 years, range, 57-97). Measurements: Weight and height were measured, and sleep duration and fragmentation were assessed with on average six nights of actigraphy.Results: A quadratic model adequately described the association between continuous measures of sleep duration and BMI. Actigraphic sleep duration had a significant U-shaped relationship with BMI (b of quadratic term ¼ 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08, 0.52). Both short sleepers (o5 h: OR, 2.76 (95% CI: 1.38, 5.49), 5 to o6 h: OR, 1.97 (95% CI: 1.26, 3.08)) and long sleepers (X8 h: OR, 2.93 (95% CI: 1.39, 6.16)) were more likely to be obese, compared to participants who slept 7 to o8 h. BMI increased with 0.59 kg m À2 per standard deviation of sleep fragmentation (95% CI: 0.34, 0.84). After adjustment for sleep fragmentation, the association between short sleep and obesity was no longer significant. Exclusion of participants with probable sleep apnea only marginally changed these associations. Self-reported habitual sleep duration was not associated with BMI or obesity. Conclusions: Sleep duration, as measured with actigraphy, had a U-shaped relationship with BMI and obesity in an elderly population. A highly fragmented sleep is associated with a higher BMI and a higher risk of obesity, and may explain why short sleep is related to obesity. To preclude bias that can be introduced by self-report measures of sleep duration, using multiple measures of sleep parameters is recommended in future research.

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Microarousals During Sleep Are Associated With Increased Levels of Lipids, Cortisol, and Blood Pressure

Abstract: Consistent with sleep restriction experiments, sleep fragmentation was associated with elevated levels of metabolic and cardiovascular risk indicators of stress-related disorders. Number of arousals also seems to be related to workload/stress.

Cited by 192 publications

References 57 publications

Overtime work and its effects on sleep, sleepiness, cortisol and blood pressure in an experimental field study

Overtime work and its effects on sleep, sleepiness, cortisol and blood pressure in an experimental field study

Psychosocial stress and impaired sleep

Actigraphic sleep duration and fragmentation are related to obesity in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study

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