Microarchitectural and mechanical characterization of oriented porous polymer scaffolds

Lin, Angela; Barrows, T. H.; Cartmell, Sarah H.; Guldberg, Robert E.

doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00361-7

Cited by 351 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…One group of materials being considered as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering are porous degradable polylactide, polyglycolide or their co-polymers [6,7] with additions of inorganic particles or fibres, such as bioactive glass [8][9][10] and hydroxy apatite (HA) [11], to impart bioactivity, control degradation kinetics and enhance the mechanical properties. A system currently being developed is based on poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA)/Bio-glass®-filled composite foams produced by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of highly porous PDLLA/Bioglass® composite foams as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

et al. 2005

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This study developed highly porous degradable composites as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. These scaffolds consisted of poly-D,L-lactic acid filled with 2 and 15 vol.% of 45S5 Bioglass® particles and were produced via thermally induced solid-liquid phase separation and subsequent solvent sublimation. The scaffolds had a bimodal and anisotropic pore structure, with tubular macro-pores of ~100 µm in diameter, and with interconnected micro-pores of ~10-50 µm in diameter. Quasi-static and thermal dynamic mechanical analysis carried out in compression along with thermogravimetric analysis was used to investigate the effect of Bioglass® on the properties of the foams. Quasi-static compression testing demonstrated mechanical anisotropy concomitant with the direction of the macro-pores. An analytical modelling approach was applied, which demonstrated that the presence of Bioglass® did not significantly alter the porous architecture of these foams and reflected the mechanical anisotropy which was congruent with the scanning electron microscopy investigation. This study found that the Ishai-Cohen and Gibson-Ashby models can be combined to predict the compressive modulus of the composite foams. The modulus and density of these complex foams are related by a power-law function with an exponent between 2 and 3.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of highly porous PDLLA/Bioglass® composite foams as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

et al. 2005

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“…in the field of orthopaedics (Rüegsegger et al ., 1996;Müller & Rüegsegger, 1997), dentistry (Hubscher et al ., 2002) and biomaterial research (Lin et al ., 2003). It permits the three-dimensional (3D), non-destructive investigation of the sample with a spatial resolution of up to a few micrometres, without special preparation of the specimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A physical phantom for the calibration of three‐dimensional X‐ray microtomography examination

Perilli

Baruffaldi

Bisi

et al. 2006

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryX-ray microtomography is rapidly gaining importance as a non-destructive investigation technique, especially in the three-dimensional examination of trabecular bone. Appropriate quantitative three-dimensional parameters describing the investigated structure were introduced, such as the modelindependent thickness and the structure model index. The first parameter calculates a volume-based thickness of the structure in three dimensions independent of an assumed structure type. The second parameter estimates the characteristic form of which the structure is composed, i.e. whether it is more plate-like, rod-like or even sphere-like. These parameters are now experiencing a great diffusion and are rapidly growing in importance. To measure the accuracy of these threedimensional parameters, a physical three-dimensional phantom containing different known geometries and thicknesses, resembling those of the examined structures, is needed. Unfortunately, such particular phantoms are not commonly available and neither does a consolidated standard exist. This work describes the realization of a calibration phantom for three-dimensional X-ray microtomography examination and reports an application example using an X-ray microtomography system. The calibration phantom (external size 13 mm diameter, 23 mm height) was based on various aluminium inserts embedded in a cylinder of polymethylmethacrylate. The inserts had known geometries (wires, foils, meshes and spheres) and thicknesses (ranging from 20 µ m to 1 mm). The phantom was successfully applied to an X-ray microtomography device, providing imaging of the inserted structures and calculation of three-dimensional parameters such as the modelindependent thickness and the structure model index. With the indications given in the present work it is possible to design a similar phantom in a histology laboratory and to adapt it to the requested applications.

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“…When the stiffness of scaffolds or matrices where cells were seeded matches the stiffness of the natural tissue to regenerate, the final constructs were characterized by enhanced cell differentiation into the proper lineage and by a higher extracellular matrix production [47][48][49]. Different scaffold fabrication techniques can generate structures with a certain control over the mechanical properties of the resulting cellular solids [23,[50][51][52]. However, rapid prototyping technologies offer undoubtedly the possibility to more precisely control not only their mechanical properties, but also their pore network architecture and their custom shape [15,[53][54][55].…”

Section: Maximal Fibril Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Analysis of Meniscal Anatomical 3D Scaffolds: Implications for Tissue Engineering

Moroni¹,

Lambers²,

Wilson³

et al. 2007

TOBEJ

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Solid Free-Form Fabrication (SFF) technologies allow the fabrication of anatomical 3D scaffolds from computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patients' dataset. These structures can be designed and fabricated with a variable, interconnected and accessible porous network, resulting in modulable mechanical properties, permeability, and architecture that can be tailored to mimic a specific tissue to replace or regenerate. In this study, we evaluated whether anatomical meniscal 3D scaffolds with matching mechanical properties and architecture are beneficial for meniscus replacement as compared to meniscectomy. After acquiring CT and MRI of porcine menisci, 3D fiber-deposited (3DF) scaffolds were fabricated with different architectures by varying the deposition pattern of the fibers comprising the final structure. The mechanical behaviour of 3DF scaffolds with different architectures and of porcine menisci was measured by static and dynamic mechanical analysis and the effect of these tissue engineering templates on articular cartilage was assessed by finite element analysis (FEA) and compared to healthy conditions or to meniscectomy. Results show that 3DF anatomical menisci scaffolds can be fabricated with pore different architectures and with mechanical properties matching those of natural menisci. FEA predicted a beneficial effect of meniscus replacement with 3D scaffolds in different mechanical loading conditions as compared to meniscectomy. No influence of the internal scaffold architecture was found on articular cartilage damage. Although FEA predictions should be further confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments, this study highlights meniscus replacement by SFF anatomical scaffolds as a potential alternative to meniscectomy.

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Microarchitectural and mechanical characterization of oriented porous polymer scaffolds

Cited by 351 publications

References 19 publications

Mechanical properties of highly porous PDLLA/Bioglass® composite foams as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Mechanical properties of highly porous PDLLA/Bioglass® composite foams as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

A physical phantom for the calibration of three‐dimensional X‐ray microtomography examination

Finite Element Analysis of Meniscal Anatomical 3D Scaffolds: Implications for Tissue Engineering

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