Microalbuminuria prevalence varies with age, sex, and puberty in children with type 1 diabetes followed from diagnosis in a longitudinal study. Oxford Regional Prospective Study Group.

Schultz, Carl; Konopelska-Bahu, T.; Dalton, R. Neil; Carroll, Thomas; Stratton, I M; Gale, E.A.M.; Neil, Andrew; Dunger, David B.

doi:10.2337/diacare.22.3.495

Cited by 264 publications

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“…Participants The Oxford Regional Prospective Study (ORPS) was established in 1985 [19]. The study recruited 494 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at <16 years of age in the geographically defined region of Oxford Health Authority between 1986 and 1996; recruitment was within 3 months of diagnosis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microalbuminuria was defined as ACR >3.5 mg/mmol in boys and >4.0 mg/mmol in girls and <35 mg/mmol in two out of three consecutive early morning urine collections [19]. Between 1998 and 2001, 55 (36 girls) of the 494 participants recruited into ORPS had an ACR that fell within our definition of microalbuminuria and these were designated as the microalbuminuria group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After this time urine was stored at −70°C in response to reports of the detrimental effects of storage at −20°C. Albumin was measured centrally by a double antibody ELISA method described previously [19]. The within-and between-assay CVs were 6% and 12% respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HbA 1c Glycated haemoglobin was measured centrally, initially by an electrophoretic method (Ciba Corning Diagnostics, Halstead, UK), which was replaced by HPLC (Diamat; Bio-Rad, Hemel Hempstead, UK) in 1992. The relationship between the two methods was carefully evaluated and has been described previously [19]. The within-batch CV for the HPLC method was 2.2% and 1.3% at a level of 9.8% and 10.1%, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clear sex-related differences have been identified, with higher levels in girls than in boys during early childhood [17] and puberty [18]. These age and sex-related differences are particularly pertinent to associations with microalbuminuria risk during adolescence, which is increased in relation to diabetes duration, pubertal onset and female sex [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of microalbuminuria is associated with raised longitudinal adiponectin levels in female but not male adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes

et al. 2008

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Aims/hypothesis We determined the longitudinal relationship between adiponectin levels and the development of microalbuminuria in an inception cohort of children with type 1 diabetes. Methods Blood samples collected annually over a median of 9.0 (range 1.3-14.9) years were assayed for adiponectin and HbA 1c in 55 children (36 girls) with type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria whose age of onset of diabetes was 9.4 years (range 2.2-15.4). Samples were also assayed from normoalbuminuric children (controls) matched for age, sex and duration of diabetes. Results Overall, adiponectin levels were higher in girls than in boys, but only after 11 years of age (median [range]: 15.3 [5.8-124.4] vs 11.6 [4.1-26.5] mg/l, p<0.001). Furthermore, adiponectin levels were higher in girls with microalbuminuria than in control girls, but this was only apparent after the onset of microalbuminuria (p=0.001, adjusted for BMI, daily insulin dose, HbA 1c and age). In boys, adiponectin levels did not differ between those with microalbuminuria and controls. Further sex-related discordant associations with adiponectin levels were observed; in girls, adiponectin levels were positively related to HbA 1c levels (r=0.2, p=0.05) and urine albumin excretion (r=0.3, p<0.05) and inversely related to BMI (r=−0.2, p<0.05). These associations were absent in boys. Conclusions/interpretation In adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes but not in boys, adiponectin levels increase with increasing urine albumin excretion and onset of microalbuminuria. Although causal links cannot be inferred, this sexual dimorphism may reflect interactive effects of hyperglycaemia and sex steroids on risk of complications and adiponectin production.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of microalbuminuria is associated with raised longitudinal adiponectin levels in female but not male adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes

et al. 2008

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Incidence of End-stage Renal Disease in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Finne

Reunanen²,

Stenman³

et al. 2005

JAMA

231

147

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Context End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is one of the most severe complications of type 1 diabetes. Yet, data on patients' risk of developing ESRD are sparse. Objectives To estimate the long-term risk of developing ESRD and to assess how age at diagnosis of diabetes, time period of diagnosis, and sex affect the risk. Design, Setting, and Patients A cohort of all patients younger than 30 years diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes in Finland in 1965-1999 (n=20 005) was identified from the Finnish Diabetes Register. The cohort was followed up from diagnosis of diabetes until development of ESRD (dialysis or kidney transplantation as identified from the Finnish Registry for Kidney Diseases), death, or end of follow-up on December 31, 2001. Main Outcome Measure Cumulative incidence of ESRD, accounting for death as a competing risk. Results The cohort was followed up for maximally 37 years, with a median of 16.7 years. During 346 851 person-years, 632 patients developed ESRD. The cumulative incidence of ESRD was 2.2% at 20 years and 7.8% at 30 years after diagnosis. The risk of developing ESRD was lowest in patients whose diagnosis occurred at younger than 5 years. The risk of ESRD was lower for patients diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes in later years. The risk did not differ significantly between sexes. Conclusions With regard to ESRD, the prognosis of type 1 diabetes has improved during the past 4 decades. Children diagnosed as having diabetes before age 5 years have the most favorable prognosis. Overall, incidence of ESRD appears to be lower than previously estimated.

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Metabolic characteristics and urine albumin excretion rate in relation to pubertal maturation in Type 1 diabetes

Riihimaa

Knip

Hirvelä

et al. 2000

Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev.

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Microalbuminuria prevalence varies with age, sex, and puberty in children with type 1 diabetes followed from diagnosis in a longitudinal study. Oxford Regional Prospective Study Group.

Cited by 264 publications

References 0 publications

The development of microalbuminuria is associated with raised longitudinal adiponectin levels in female but not male adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes

The development of microalbuminuria is associated with raised longitudinal adiponectin levels in female but not male adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes

Incidence of End-stage Renal Disease in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Metabolic characteristics and urine albumin excretion rate in relation to pubertal maturation in Type 1 diabetes

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