Microalbuminuria in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus; the tip of iceberg of diabetic complications

Abstract

Objective:To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria and its association with hypertension and other diabetic complications among Type-2 diabetic patients attending at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi.Methods:1280 Type-2 diabetes patients who visited the outpatient department of Aga Khan University Hospital from September 2014 to August 2016 were included in the study. Microalbuminuria was diagnosed if spot urinary microalbumin excretion was confirmed to be more than 20mg/l. Hypertension was diagnosed if BP >140/90 or already on antihypertensive medications. Other demographic, clinical and laboratory data were also recorded.Results:Microalbuminuria was diagnosed in 404(31.56%) patients and among these albuminuric patients 335(82.9%) had hypertension. They were also dyslipidemic, having raised triglyceride levels, lower HDL levels, with more prevalence of background diabetic retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy. They also showed higher HbA1C levels and longer duration of diabetes.Conclusion:The prevalence of the microalbuminuria in our patients with Type-2 diabetes is 31.56% and is not only an early sign of diabetic nephropathy but also a host of other diabetic complications and should be dealt early with strict control of their hyperglycemia and hypertension to help prevent the future complications.

Associations of serum uric acid and urinary albumin with the severity of diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes

“…In the study of Ahmad et al, the prevalence of microalbuminuria in people with T2DM is 31.56% and the microalbuminuria is identified as an early sign of diabetic nephropathy [27]. In our study, we found that high urinary albumin levels were associated with more serious diabetic retinopathy (OR = 1.003; 95% CI = 1.049-1.198; P = 0.043).…”

Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in T2DM patients in our study was 30.1%, with 25.6% having microalbuminuria and 4.5% having macroalbuminuria. Some local studies stated the following percentages: Ahmad et al reported 31.56% diabetic patients with microalbuminuria [ 10 ] and Muhammad et al reported an overall microalbuminuria prevalence of 32.9% [ 11 ]. Additionally, a study by Anwarulla et al spotted microalbuminuria in 33% of type 2 diabetics [ 8 ].…”

Effect of microalbuminuria on macular thickness in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus

“…18,19 Ahmad et al determined the prevalence of MA and its association with hypertension and other diabetic complications among type-2 diabetic patients. They revealed that the patients with MA have higher HbA1c levels, longer diabetes duration and have more prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and background DR. 20 There are conflicting data in the literature about the retinal thickness of patients with DM in the early stage of DR without DME. There are studies that found decreased retinal thickness, [7][8][9]21 increased retinal thickness, 10,11 and similar retinal thickness 22 in DM patients with mild or non-DR compared to healthy subjects.…”