Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios

Sun, Jiyu; Li, Pengpeng; Yan, Yongwei; Song, Fa; Xu, Nuo; Zhang, Zhijun

doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…A growing body of evidence indicates that the leading-edge vortex plays one of the most important roles in an unsteady mechanism for high lift force generation in flapping wings 37 – 39 . In turn, the wing leading edge is exposed to large fluctuating pressures 40 – 43 characterized by periodic changes in the airflow direction 11 . It has been hypothesized that trichoid sensilla distributed along the leading edge might therefore be involved in detecting the timing and intensity of vortex formation and shedding 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, types, and distribution of flight control devices on wings and elytra in bark beetles

Białkowski,

Rossa,

Ziemiakowicz

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Gaining the ability to fly actively was a ground-breaking moment in insect evolution, providing an unprecedented advantage over other arthropods. Nevertheless, active flight was a costly innovation, requiring the development of wings and flight muscles, the provision of sufficient energetic resources, and a complex flight control system. Although wings, flight muscles, and the energetic budget of insects have been intensively studied in the last decades, almost nothing is known regarding the flight-control devices of many crucial insect groups, especially beetles (Coleoptera). Here, we conducted a phylogenetic-informed analysis of flight-related mechanosensors in 28 species of bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae), an economically and ecologically important group of insects characterized by striking differences in dispersal abilities. The results indicated that beetle flight apparatus is equipped with different functional types of mechanosensors, including strain- and flow-encoding sensilla. We found a strong effect of allometry on the number of mechanosensors, while no effect of relative wing size (a proxy of flight investment) was identified. Our study constitutes the first step to understanding the drivers and constraints of the evolution of flight-control devices in Coleoptera, including bark beetles. More research, including a quantitative neuroanatomical analysis of beetle wings, should be conducted in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, types, and distribution of flight control devices on wings and elytra in bark beetles

Białkowski,

Rossa,

Ziemiakowicz

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…The vein profile of the hind wings of P. brevitarsis is elliptical, and each wing vein is not uniform in thickness and is of variable diameter [ 29 ]. This structure provides support for P. brevitarsis to spread its hind wings during flight while improving the torsional resistance of its hind wings [ 13 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The folding method of the hind wings of P. brevitarsis is a transverse V-shape, which improves the folding ratio of the hind wings, effectively reduces the wing area, and facilitates the miniaturization design of bionic foldable wings [ 29 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Deployable Wings for MAVs Bioinspired by the Hind Wings of the Beetle Protaetia brevitarsis

Sun,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Biomimetics

Self Cite

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Deployable hind wings of beetles led to a bio-inspired idea to design deployable micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) to meet the requirement of miniaturization. In this paper, a bionic deployable wing (BD-W) model is designed based on the folding mechanism and elliptical wing vein structure of the Protaetia brevitarsis hindwing, and its structural static and aerodynamic characteristics are analyzed by using ANSYS Workbench. Finally, the 3D-printed bionic deployable wing was tested in a wind tunnel and compared with simulation experiments to explore the effects of different incoming velocity, flapping frequency, and angle of attack on its aerodynamic characteristics, which resulted in the optimal combination of the tested parameters, among which, the incoming velocity is 3 m/s, the flapping frequency is 10 Hz, the angle of attack is 15°, and the lift-to-drag ratio of this parameter combination is 4.91. The results provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the further development of bionic flapping wing for MAV applications.

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“…The sampling and preservation of the hind wings were based on previously described experimental methods (Li & Guo, 2019a). Morphological parameters, with an average span length of 26.47 mm and an average chord length of 6.86 mm for a single hind wing, were performed by taking the average value of each adult sample after measurement (Sun et al, 2022). The hind wings of the deceased specimen were removed from the body as close to the wing root as possible and stored in a humidified container.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural response and mechanical properties of the hind wing of the beetle Protaetia brevitarsis

Li,

Zheng

2024

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The folding/unfolding mechanism and collision recovery effect of the beetle's hind wings can provide biomimetic inspiration for the optimization of wing deplorability and the investigation of collision prevention recovery mechanism of new amphibious morphing vehicle. In this study, a method is described to investigate the structural response and mechanical properties of the hind wings of the beetle Protetia brevitarsis under natural conditions. The specially processed test samples were conducted to tensile testing, which facilitates the evaluation of the mechanical properties of specific areas of the hind wing. The micro geometric morphological characteristics of the cross‐section of the specimen after tensile fracture were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The three‐dimensional morphology of the ventral and dorsal sides of the hind wing was characterized using three‐dimensional scanning and reverse modeling methods. The finite element model of the hind wing is developed to investigate the structural deformation and modal response characteristics of its flapping. The uniformly distributed load on the hind wing surface is derived from the lift characteristics obtained from the computational fluid dynamics simulation of flapping wing motion.Research Highlights Scanning electron microscope is used to observe the cross‐sectional characteristics of the veins and membranes. The material properties of the wing membranes and veins of the hind wings were measured using the tensile testing system. The three‐dimensional morphology of the hind wing was characterized using 3D scanning and reverse modeling methods. The finite element model of the hind wing is developed to investigate the structural deformation and modal response characteristics of its flapping.

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Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios

Cited by 4 publications

References 59 publications

Evolution, types, and distribution of flight control devices on wings and elytra in bark beetles

Evolution, types, and distribution of flight control devices on wings and elytra in bark beetles

Research on Deployable Wings for MAVs Bioinspired by the Hind Wings of the Beetle Protaetia brevitarsis

Structural response and mechanical properties of the hind wing of the beetle Protaetia brevitarsis

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