Micro-Raman spectroscopy in the identification of wulfenite and vanadinite in a Sasanian painted stucco fragment of the Ghaleh Guri in Ramavand, western Iran

Holakooei, Parviz; Karimy, Amir-Hossein; Hasanpour, Ata; Oudbashi, Omid

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2016.06.033

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Fig. 4 shows the Raman spectrum of the wulfenite crystals with typical bands at 172, 193, 319, 351, 745, 768 and 871 cm −1 [6], [7], [8]; these data (Table 2) are in agreement with the spectrum present in the RRUFF database named “R050024”. The bands at 62, 72 and 102 cm −1 (Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodssupporting

confidence: 78%

First evidence of wulfenite in Calabria Region (Southern Italy)

et al. 2018

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This data article contains mineralogical and chemical data of the wulfenite (PbMoO4) sampled from mine of Fiumarella in Calabria region (Southern Italy). Wulfenite is a rare mineral belonging to the class of minerals called molybdates and if found in large amounts it can be used for the extraction of molybdenum. In the mine of Fiumarella, in addition to primary minerals such as barite, galena, cerussite, anglesite, fluorite and chalcopyrite, wulfenite was also detected. Wulfenite crystals are bipyramidal, few microns in size and grow as single crystals that can reach 1 mm. Methods for obtaining the data sets include optical microscopy, micro X-Ray Fluorescence and micro-Raman spectroscopy.

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Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodssupporting

confidence: 78%

First evidence of wulfenite in Calabria Region (Southern Italy)

et al. 2018

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“…Some of the archaeological objects found in the site include glazed and non-glazed potteries, glass bowls and vessels and copper and iron objects. An archaeometric study was started to characterize cultural materials and historic technology in this site and some rsults are published previously (Holakooei et al, 2016). As a part of the archaeometric studies, a technical investigation was carried out on five metallic objects that its results are presented in this paper.…”

Section: Archaeological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic and microanalytical study on Sasanian metal objects from Western Iran: A case study

Oudbashi

Hasanpour

Jahanpoor

et al. 2017

STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research

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Recent archaeological excavation in western Iran discovered a Sasanian palace called Ghaleh Guri (Qela Gowri) beside of the Seimarreh River. As part of the archaeometric studies on the site, five metallic objects (a coin, a disc, a vessel, a decorated strip and some pieces with no specific function) were sampled and analysed using OM and SEM-EDS to determine alloy composition and microstructure. The results showed that strip is made of copper, disc, vessel and unidentifiable object are tin bronze and the coin is made of silver-copper alloy. Tin content in the vessel is about 30 wt% and may be classified as high-tin bronze. The microstructure of samples also revealed that the amount of working and the heat treatment was variable, most likely due to their different compositions. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Not only in ancient China, but also in other countries such as ancient Israel and Iran, vanadinite pigment has rarely been found. As far as reported, vanadinite was found on a unique polychrome sinopia of ancient Roma Age about 3rd century ce at 20 km south‐east of Tel Aviv in Israel (Piovesan et al, 2014), and on a painted stucco fragment excavated at the Ghaleh Guri in western Iran dating back to the late Sasanian period (224–651 ce ) (Holakooei et al, 2016), and found on an Early Islamic carved stucco from Nishapur (9th–12th centuries ce ) preserved in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (Holakooei et al, 2018). What is interesting is, comparing the date of vanadinite pigment application cases above, the earliest use in ancient China is in the Qin dynasty, which is earlier than the use in the Middle East.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Rare colour in medieval China: Case study of yellow pigments on tomb mural paintings at Xi'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang dynasty

et al. 2022

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Yellow colourants appear to have been rarely employed for tombs mural paintings in ancient China. The recently discovered mural paintings at Xi'an (dated to the Tang dynasty, 618–907 ce) offer fresh materials for characterization of yellow pigments, which can be potentially useful for filling the gap of the yellow pigments. Multi‐analytical approaches have been applied in this study, including chromaticity analysis, cross‐section, polarizing microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive spectrometry and X‐ray diffraction. The results show that the yellow pigment in three tombs is goethite (FeO[OH]), whereas in a late Tang tomb is vanadinite (Pb5[VO4]3Cl). Compared to geothite, vanadinite is even more rarely found in tomb mural painting and fewer reports have been mentioned, which led us to think about the accessibility of such pigment. Interestingly, Chinese craftspeople had a long history of interacting with the iron‐ or lead‐bearing minerals related to these yellow pigments, and there seem no critical technological barriers against extracting and using yellow by the Tang dynasty. The lack of yellow colourants in China tomb murals is more likely to be a cultural rather than technological choice.

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Micro-Raman spectroscopy in the identification of wulfenite and vanadinite in a Sasanian painted stucco fragment of the Ghaleh Guri in Ramavand, western Iran

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

First evidence of wulfenite in Calabria Region (Southern Italy)

First evidence of wulfenite in Calabria Region (Southern Italy)

Microscopic and microanalytical study on Sasanian metal objects from Western Iran: A case study

Rare colour in medieval China: Case study of yellow pigments on tomb mural paintings at Xi'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang dynasty

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