Micro‐Raman and portable Raman spectroscopic investigation of blue pigments in selected Delft plates (17–20th Century)

Abstract

The blue pigment as well as other materials in a blue, white and 'gold' 17th century Delft dish were analysed and compared to the blue pigment(s) used in a modern blue-and-white Delft dish, obtained from a tourist shop in Amsterdam in 2004. The ancient Delft blue pigment was compared to a commercial Delft blue powder identified as a cobalt-doped willemite, Zn 2−x Co x SiO 4 . The 17th century Delft pigment showed a closer correspondence to the olivine, alpha-cobalt silicate. The pigment in the modern blue Delft dish was mainly a vanadium-doped zircon, ZrSiO 4 :V 4+ , with small amounts of cobalt, identified by EDX analysis. The cobalt compound could, however, not be characterised here for the modern dish. The pigment in the 'golden' rim was identified as pyrochlore yellow, PbSnSbO 6.5 .

Portuguese Blue‐on‐Blue 16th–17th Century Pottery

“…462 and 826 cm −1 (de Waal ). This blue pigment is different from the cobalt blue usually detected in the blue and white Chinese Ming porcelains (de Waal ), with characteristic Raman peaks at 202 cm −1 and 512 cm −1 (Bell et al . ; Bouchard and Gambardella ; Vieira Ferreira et al .…”

“…Micro‐Raman is probably the most powerful non‐destructive method to characterize archaeological artefacts, namely glazed ceramics, and has been extensively used to investigate ancient ceramic art objects (de Waal , ; Colomban and Paulsen ; Colomban et al . ; Kırmızı et al .…”

“…Micro-Raman is probably the most powerful non-destructive method to characterize archaeological artefacts, namely glazed ceramics, and has been extensively used to investigate ancient ceramic art objects (de Waal 2004(de Waal , 2009Colomban and Paulsen 2005;Colomban et al 2006;Kırmızı et al 2010). Micro-Raman can be used to obtain information regarding the crystalline or glassy structures, which are built from covalent bonds between the SiO 4 tetrahedra in different modes, measuring the ratio of the bending (~500 cm À1 ) and stretching (i.e.,~1000 cm À1 ) Raman envelopes (Colomban and Paulsen 2005;Colomban et al 2006).…”

Portuguese 16th century tiles from Santo António da Charneca's kiln: a spectroscopic characterization of pigments, glazes and pastes

“…μ ‐Raman is probably the most powerful non‐destructive method to characterize archaeological artefacts, namely, glazed ceramics and coloured glasses, and has been extensively used to investigate ancient ceramic art objects . PIXE was used to provide elemental characterization for the majority of the samples under study in this work.…”

“…[9,11,12] μ-Raman is probably the most powerful non-destructive method to characterize archaeological artefacts, namely, glazed ceramics and coloured glasses, and has been extensively used to investigate ancient ceramic art objects. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] PIXE was used to provide elemental characterization for the majority of the samples under study in this work. PIXE has high sensitivity down to trace elements and has been extensively used in applications to cultural heritage because of its non-destructive character.…”