Micro powder poly lactic acid/carbon black composite as a bio printing ink

Abstract

Bio toners represent a novel class of electrostatic imaging powders which provide sustainability, compostability and bio-degradability. Due to the advantages of bio toners, this paper focused on the preparation of a bio-based micro powdered composite derived from poly lactic acid and carbon black to apply it as an electrophotographic printing bio ink. The bio toner was characterized by particle size analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The viscoelastic properties were calculated with rheometrics mechanical spectrometer. These properties were then used to estimate the strain deformation of the toner as it passes through the nip with arbitrary residence time and nip pressure as a function of gel content. The outcomes of this study proved that the poly lactic acid is an appropriate polymer for the production of toners in terms of processing, printing efficiency. The bio toners' results demonstrated the promising and worthy outcomes in comparison to commercially available petroleum-based toners.

Variation of the Electrical Conductivity of PLA‐Based Composites with a Hybrid of Graphene and Carbon Black During 3D Printing

“…In this regard, PLA has been incorporated with diverse carbon particles, such as multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), graphene (GP), graphite, carbon black (CB), and hybrids of these materials [ 8–13 ] due to the promising aspects of carbon particles, such as enhanced cell‐to‐cell signaling and an antibacterial function in biomedical applications. [ 4,9,10 ]…”

“…In particular, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has been attracted for the fabrication of multifunctional 3D components, especially for disposable diagnosis sensors as well as biomedical implant applications due to the biodegradable and thermoplastic characteristics and good processability in 3D printing process. [1][2][3][4] For a successful application of PLA for a multifunctional 3D part, functionalities such as electrical and thermal conductivity are required in order to generate a response in the presence of corresponding stimuli. In this regard, PLA has been incorporated with diverse carbon particles, such as multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), graphene (GP), graphite, carbon black (CB), and hybrids of these materials [8][9][10][11][12][13] due to the promising aspects of carbon particles, such as enhanced cellto-cell signaling and an antibacterial function in biomedical applications.…”

“…In this regard, PLA has been incorporated with diverse carbon particles, such as multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), graphene (GP), graphite, carbon black (CB), and hybrids of these materials [8][9][10][11][12][13] due to the promising aspects of carbon particles, such as enhanced cellto-cell signaling and an antibacterial function in biomedical applications. [4,9,10] Generally, when carbon particles are mixed with a polymeric material, the particles easily aggregate in the polymer matrix due to their poor compatibility with the polymeric matrix. As the concentration of particles increases, particle aggregates assemble to form a percolation structure.…”

Polymers without Petrochemicals: Sustainable Routes to Conventional Monomers

“…Polylactic acid (PLA) is perhaps one of the most promising biodegradable, biocompatible and renewable polymeric materials in today’s polymer landscape. These attributes of PLA make it suitable for a range of applications such as inkjet printing, tissue engineering and bone fixation . Although PLA can be produced from lactic acid, several disadvantages are associated with this direct polymerization, including difficulty reaching high monomer conversion, side reactions such as intermolecular transesterifications, and racemization between l -lactic acid and d -lactic acid .…”

Preparing poly styrene-co-acrylic acid and recycled waste magnetite composite from concrete industry as a printing ink

“…In a series of earlier publications, the author studied the influence of agitation speed, 20 toner component, 21 and colorant 22 on the assets of the produced toners prepared by emulsion aggregation (EA) process. Likewise, the author produced ceramic and florescence toner by EA process.…”