Micro/Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for Ocular Diseases

Halasz, Kathleen; Kelly, Shannon; Iqbal, Muhammad Tajwar; Pathak, Yashwant; Sutariya, Vijaykumar

doi:10.1089/adt.2018.911

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…Conversely, it blocks the passage of hydrophilic drugs that would enter through the paracellular pathway due to the presence of tight junctions (zonula occludens) [ 27 , 28 ]. The conjunctiva, which is the thin and transparent structure composed of a mucous epithelial, adenoids and fibrous layer covering one-third of the eyeball [ 29 ], increases the protective function and corresponds to the second static anterior barrier. One of its main functions is the formation of the tear film by producing electrolytes, fluid and mucins, but in contrast to the cornea, the conjunctiva has demonstrated lipophilic affinity to drugs [ 30 ] due to its increased paracellular spaces (230 times greater) and higher pore density (16 times higher) [ 31 ].…”

Section: Ocular Drug Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-Based Nanocarriers as Topical Drug Delivery Systems for Intraocular Diseases

et al. 2021

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Effective drug delivery to intraocular tissues remains a great challenge due to complex anatomical and physiological barriers that selectively limit the entry of drugs into the eye. To overcome these challenges, frequent topical application and regular intravitreal injections are currently used to achieve the desired drug concentrations into the eye. However, the repetitive installation or recurrent injections may result in several side effects. Recent advancements in the field of nanoparticle-based drug delivery have demonstrated promising results for topical ophthalmic nanotherapies in the treatment of intraocular diseases. Studies have revealed that nanocarriers enhance the intraocular half-life and bioavailability of several therapies including proteins, peptides and genetic material. Amongst the array of nanoparticles available nowadays, lipid-based nanosystems have shown an increased efficiency and feasibility in topical formulations, making them an important target for constant and thorough research in both preclinical and clinical practice. In this review, we will cover the promising lipid-based nanocarriers used in topical ophthalmic formulations for intraocular drug delivery.

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Section: Ocular Drug Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-Based Nanocarriers as Topical Drug Delivery Systems for Intraocular Diseases

et al. 2021

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“…Microparticles have been evaluated for ocular drug delivery for decades, and typically demonstrate higher drug loading capacity and release duration than nanoparticles due to the larger size of the particles, but a balance between drug loading and size considerations for injectability must be established. Several articles have focused on microparticles in the range of 1-50 µm for intravitreal injection to balance these considerations (144). It has been recently proposed to use nanoparticles embedded in microparticles to overcome some of these challenges (145).…”

Section: Micro-and Nano-scale Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for Polymers Used in Ocular Drug Delivery

et al. 2022

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PurposeAge-related eye diseases are becoming more prevalent. A notable increase has been seen in the most common causes including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and cataract. Current clinical treatments vary from tissue replacement with polymers to topical eye drops and intravitreal injections. Research and development efforts have increased using polymers for sustained release to the eye to overcome treatment challenges, showing promise in improving drug release and delivery, patient experience, and treatment compliance. Polymers provide unique properties that allow for specific engineered devices to provide improved treatment options. Recent work has shown the utilization of synthetic and biopolymer derived biomaterials in various forms, with this review containing a focus on polymers Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for ocular use.MethodsThis provides an overview of some prevalent synthetic polymers and biopolymers used in ocular delivery and their benefits, brief discussion of the various types and synthesis methods used, and administration techniques. Polymers approved by the FDA for different applications in the eye are listed and compared to new polymers being explored in the literature. This article summarizes research findings using polymers for ocular drug delivery from various stages: laboratory, preclinical studies, clinical trials, and currently approved. This review also focuses on some of the challenges to bringing these new innovations to the clinic, including limited selection of approved polymers.ResultsPolymers help improve drug delivery by increasing solubility, controlling pharmacokinetics, and extending release. Several polymer classes including synthetic, biopolymer, and combinations were discussed along with the benefits and challenges of each class. The ways both polymer synthesis and processing techniques can influence drug release in the eye were discussed.ConclusionThe use of biomaterials, specifically polymers, is a well-studied field for drug delivery, and polymers have been used as implants in the eye for over 75 years. Promising new ocular drug delivery systems are emerging using polymers an innovative option for treating ocular diseases because of their tunable properties. This review touches on important considerations and challenges of using polymers for sustained ocular drug delivery with the goal translating research to the clinic.

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“…Some reports show that polymeric materials of nanospheres and nanocapsules can interact with cell surface receptors, mitochondrial enzymes, and cytoplasmic proteins, which can cause stress responses and alteration of metabolic processes. Although polymers of nanospheres and nanocapsules are generally non-toxic to the ocular surface, the molecules may cause irritation and immune reactions, especially when applied in intraocular tissues [ 104 , 105 ]. Poly(lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocapsules have been found to cause cytoplasmic vacuole formation in rabbits [ 106 ].…”

Section: Innovations That Increase Intraocular Bioavailability Of Topical Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Topical Ocular Drugs to Target the Posterior Eye

Wang

Zhou

Zhang³

2021

Ophthalmol Ther

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The prevalence of chronic fundus diseases is increasing with the aging of the general population. The treatment of these intraocular diseases relies on invasive drug delivery because of the globular structure and multiple barriers of the eye. Frequent intraocular injections bring heavy burdens to the medical care system and patients. The use of topical drugs to treat retinal diseases has always been an attractive solution. The fast development of new materials and technologies brings the possibility to develop innovative topical formulations. This article reviews anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye which affect the bioavailability of topical drugs. In addition, we summarize innovative topical formulations which enhance the permeability of drugs through the ocular surface and/or extend the drug retention time in the eye. This article also reviews the differences of eyes between different laboratory animals to address the translational challenges of preclinical models. The fast development of in vitro eye models may provide more tools to increase the clinical translationality of topical formulations for intraocular diseases. Clinical successes of topical formulations rely on continuous and collaborative efforts between different disciplines.

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Micro/Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for Ocular Diseases

Cited by 15 publications

References 88 publications

Lipid-Based Nanocarriers as Topical Drug Delivery Systems for Intraocular Diseases

Lipid-Based Nanocarriers as Topical Drug Delivery Systems for Intraocular Diseases

Considerations for Polymers Used in Ocular Drug Delivery

The Emerging Role of Topical Ocular Drugs to Target the Posterior Eye

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