Micro‐/Nanomachines Driven by Ultrasonic Power Sources

Lu, Xiaolong; Shen, Hui; Zhao, Kangdong; Wang, Zhiwen; Peng, Hanmin; Liu, Wenjuan

doi:10.1002/asia.201900281

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For the purpose of driving the movement of particles, an exogenous power is usually attached to control and coordinate the micro/nanorobot's behaviors. Magnetic field [22], electric field [23], light energy [24], acoustic wave [25], and heat energy [26] are frequently applied in drug carriers as an external power. In the actual design process, several driving modes are often used jointly to manufacture micro/nanorobots with multiple functions.…”

Section: Exogenous Power Driven Micro/nanorobotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro/Nanorobot: A Promising Targeted Drug Delivery System

Chen

et al. 2020

Pharmaceutics

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Micro/nanorobot, as a research field, has attracted interest in recent years. It has great potential in medical treatment, as it can be applied in targeted drug delivery, surgical operation, disease diagnosis, etc. Differently from traditional drug delivery, which relies on blood circulation to reach the target, the designed micro/nanorobots can move autonomously, which makes it possible to deliver drugs to the hard-to-reach areas. Micro/nanorobots were driven by exogenous power (magnetic fields, light energy, acoustic fields, electric fields, etc.) or endogenous power (chemical reaction energy). Cell-based micro/nanorobots and DNA origami without autonomous movement ability were also introduced in this article. Although micro/nanorobots have excellent prospects, the current research is mainly based on in vitro experiments; in vivo research is still in its infancy. Further biological experiments are required to verify in vivo drug delivery effects of micro/nanorobots. This paper mainly discusses the research status, challenges, and future development of micro/nanorobots.

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Section: Exogenous Power Driven Micro/nanorobotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro/Nanorobot: A Promising Targeted Drug Delivery System

Chen

et al. 2020

Pharmaceutics

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“…Boundary conditions of the sound field were as follows: the vibrating amplitudes and initial phases of multiple sound sources were set by users; the rest of the acoustic boundaries were set to be isothermal. Equations (6) and 7were used in the calculation of the first-order sound field.…”

Section: Theory and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contactless manipulation of micro-/nano-scale particles and biosamples in a microfluidic chamber is of great importance [1][2][3] due to the increasing requirement to carry out elementary operations like trapping [4,5], rotation [6,7], separation [8], and concentration [9], which are an essential technique for biological researches and exhibit numerous commercial applications in the bioengineering and pharmaceutical industries [10][11][12]. Various microfluidic manipulation methods for capturing [13,14], transporting [15], rotating [16], and separating [17] of micro-/nano-scale objects have been provided and verified in laboratories worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of 2D Acoustofluidic Fields in an Ultrasonic Cavity Generated by Multiple Vibration Sources

et al. 2019

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Two-dimensional acoustofluidic fields in an ultrasonic chamber actuated by segmented ring-shaped vibration sources with different excitation phases are simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics. Diverse acoustic streaming patterns, including aggregation and rotational modes, can be feasibly generated by the excitation of several sessile ultrasonic sources which only vibrate along radial direction. Numerical simulation of particle trajectory driven by acoustic radiation force and streaming-induced drag force also demonstrates that micro-scale particles suspended in the acoustofluidic chamber can be trapped in the velocity potential well of fluid flow or can rotate around the cavity center with the circumferential acoustic streaming field. Preliminary investigation of simple Russian doll- or Matryoshka-type configurations (double-layer vibration sources) provide a novel method of multifarious structure design in future researches on the combination of phononic crystals and acoustic streaming fields. The implementation of multiple segmented ring-shaped vibration sources offers flexibility for the control of acoustic streaming fields in microfluidic devices for various applications. We believe that this kind of acoustofluidic design is expected to be a promising tool for the investigation of rapid microfluidic mixing on a chip and contactless rotational manipulation of biosamples, such as cells or nematodes.

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“…Furthermore, acoustically powered micro-and nano-motors with various functioning mechanisms have been tested; they hold great potential for varied clinical needs, including drug delivery, minimally invasive surgical procedures, and biosensing [13][14][15][16]. For instance, the use of a levitation force provided by directed asymmetrical gradients of ultrasound pulses has resulted in self-acoustophoresis of metallic rod-type micromotors [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Nanoparticle Response to the Sound Pressure Effect during the Drug-Delivery Process

et al. 2020

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Intravenous delivery is the fastest conventional method of delivering drugs to their targets in seconds, whereas intramuscular and subcutaneous injections provide a slower continuous delivery of drugs. In recent years, nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems have gained considerable attention. During the progression of nanoparticles into the blood, the sound waves generated by the particles create acoustic pressure that affects the movement of nanoparticles. To overcome this issue, the impact of sound pressure levels on the development of nanoparticles was studied herein. In addition, a composite nanostructure was developed using different types of nanoscale substances to overcome the effect of sound pressure levels in the drug-delivery process. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed nanostructure based on a group of different nanoparticles. This study suggests five materials, namely, polyimide, acrylic plastic, Aluminum 3003-H18, Magnesium AZ31B, and polysilicon for the design of the proposed structure. The best results were obtained in the case of the movement of these molecules at lower frequencies. The performance of acrylic plastic is better than other materials; the sound pressure levels reached minimum values at frequencies of 1, 10, 20, and 60 nHz. Furthermore, an experimental setup was designed to validate the proposed idea using advanced biomedical imaging technologies. The experimental results demonstrate the possibilities of detecting, tracking, and evaluating the movement behaviors of nanoparticles. The experimental results also demonstrate that the lowest sound pressure levels were observed at lower frequency levels, thus proving the validity of the proposed computational model assumptions. The outcome of this study will pave the way to understand the interaction behaviors of nanoparticles with the surrounding biological environments, including the sound pressure effect, which could lead to the useof such an effect in facilitating directional and tactic movements of the micro- and nano-motors.

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Micro‐/Nanomachines Driven by Ultrasonic Power Sources

Cited by 38 publications

References 51 publications

Micro/Nanorobot: A Promising Targeted Drug Delivery System

Micro/Nanorobot: A Promising Targeted Drug Delivery System

Diversity of 2D Acoustofluidic Fields in an Ultrasonic Cavity Generated by Multiple Vibration Sources

Validation of Nanoparticle Response to the Sound Pressure Effect during the Drug-Delivery Process

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