Micro/nanoengineered technologies for human pluripotent stem cells maintenance and differentiation

Fiber diameters and parallel patterns: proliferation and osteogenesis of stem cells

“…On the one hand, the majority of the cells could quickly form cross-adhesion between adjacent fibers even at the initial stage of this fiber pattern, which seriously weakened the cell restriction effect of single fine fibers, thus obtained necessary adhesion spot, cell spreading and good cell proliferation ( Figs 6 and 7 ). On the other hand, cell adhesion across multiple fine fibers could lead to large cell protrusions interacting with the delicate fibers and higher cell stress [ 41 , 68 ], which further promotes stem cell osteogenesis [ 52 , 69 ]. The combination of these factors significantly improved the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on DA-D1.…”

Regulation of micropatterned curvature-dependent FA heterogeneity on cytoskeleton tension and nuclear DNA synthesis of malignant breast cancer cells

“…[19][20][21][22][23] To mimic microniches in vivo, various engineering strategies, including stencil-assisted patterning, photolithography, and microprinting, are exploited to reveal the influence of cell morphology and topography on cell behaviours in engineered micropatterns. [24][25][26] In particular, it has been reported that the geometric performances of single cells including cell size, shape, elongation, and chirality enable the balancing of cell division, endocytosis internalization, and DNA synthesis. [27][28][29][30] Compared with single-cell manipulation, cell clustering colony can accurately imitate multicellular complicated microenvironment to explore intracellular cytoskeleton tension distribution and nuclear molecule-level expression of genomes and DNA chains.…”

Promise and Perspective of Nanomaterials in Antisenescence Tissue Engineering Applications

“…These can be generated by loading multiple functionalities, including a protective molecular coating to prevent opsonization, fluorescent molecules, , and targeting and drug molecules for carrying and specifically delivering therapeutic agents to the target sites such as a particular organ, tissue, or even cellular type. − Additionally, multifunctional nanomaterials offer several pathways to control the release of cargo molecules to the target sites by a self-degradation mechanism or under the application of external stimuli (e.g., temperature, pH, magnetic field, and light). , Such developments have revolutionized biomedical applications to biosensing, bioimaging, target drug delivery systems for senescent cells and cancers, gene therapies, magnetic and photothermal therapies, and tissue engineering. − Progress has also been made in developing nanopatterned surfaces by the deposition or self-assembly of nanoscale building blocks on the solid substrate, , thereby generating nanopatterned surfaces. Because such surfaces mimic the topography of the natural cell microenvironment, they can interact more effectively with the extracellular matrix than conventional materials can …”

“…Because such surfaces mimic the topography of the natural cell microenvironment, they can interact more effectively with the extracellular matrix than conventional materials can. 34 The unique chemical and physical characteristics of functional nanomaterials make them preferred vehicles for cellular senescence applications over conventional materials. These include (1) their ability to target surface proteins in senescent cells and safe and efficient detection of senescent cells (early diagnosis to identify the onset of cellular senescence); (2) the selective therapeutic delivery of senolytic drugs to eliminate the senescent cells (this strategy requires low dosage of drugs and facilitate a sustained release of drug molecules; (3) nanomaterial-based nonchemotherapeutic strategies, such as magnetic hyperthermia and photothermal therapies, can be combined with chemotherapeutic drug delivery to efficiently destroy senescent cells upon systemic administration without any adverse side effects; (4) functional nanomaterials can also be used to elucidate the underlying mechanism of cellular senescence by mimicking the nanostructures in "young" and "aged" tissues.…”