Micro-extraction of Xenobiotics and Biomolecules from Different Matrices on Nanostructures

Abstract

Sample preparation is the backbone of any analytical procedure; it involves extraction and pre-concentration of the desired analytes; often at trace levels. The present article describes the applications of nanomaterials (carbon based inorganic and polymeric materials) in miniaturized extraction such as solid phase micro-extraction, stir-bar sorptive extraction, liquid phase micro-extraction, and dispersive liquid phase micro-extraction in the analyses of aqueous samples. The nanoparticles used for micro-extractions are discussed on the basis of their chemical natures. The synthetic route and the preparation of nanomaterials are described along with the optimization strategies for microextraction. A comparison between the conventional materials and nanomaterials for micro-extraction is proposed.The key roles of the nanomaterials for the micro-extraction of different analytes such as drugs, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, proteins and peptides from aqueous samples are reported. The use of nanomaterials, combined with miniaturized micro-extraction techniques, proved to be highly promising for sample preparation of various matrices with analytes at trace levels.

Current development and applications of ordered mesoporous silicas and other sol–gel silica-based materials in food sample preparation for xenobiotics analysis

“…While the extraction is performed, the sample is stirred and the movement of the µ-SPE device enables mass transfer. In that respect, the use of nanoparticles (particle sizes between 1 and 100 nm) as sorbent enhances the interactions with the analytes in the extraction process, due to their surface properties (area, roughness, surface potential and electron distributions) [50]. After the extraction, the µ-SPE device is removed from the solution using a pair of tweezers, and immersed into a suitable organic solvent to carry out the analyte desorption by ultrasonification.…”

Two novel strategies in food sample preparation for the analysis of dietary polyphenols: Micro-extraction techniques and new silica-based sorbent materials

“…On the other hand, the development and application of new advanced silica-based sorbent materials has achieved a sharp increase in sample preparation, due to their specific characteristics, such as low resistance to diffusion, large adsorptive capability, fast sorption kinetics, etc. Moreover, these new materials have proved to possess several advantages over traditional sorbents, such as amorphous silica and polymeric materials, therefore they can potentially be used as an interesting alternative to them (González-Sálamo et al, 2016;Sanagi et al, 2016;Li et al, 2013;Zhao et al 2012;Ibarra et al, 2015;Plotka-Wasylka et al, 2016).…”