Micro-emulsification vs. transesterification: an investigation of the efficacy of methanol use in improving vegetable oil engine performance

Murray, Renique J.; King, Graham; Wyse-Mason, Rachael

doi:10.1080/17597269.2019.1598316

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Micro-emulsification was found to be more energy efficient and produce lower emissions. e use of methanol in micro-emulsifications has a clear advantage over its use in transesterification for improving the performance of vegetable oil-powered engines [69,70].…”

Section: Micro-emulsificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Croton as a Multipurpose Nonedible Tree Plant for Biodiesel Production towards Feedstock Diversification for Sustainable Energy

Takase

2022

Advances in Agriculture

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Oil demand has risen steadily due to the growing industrialization and modernization of the world. In addition to rising costs, the supply of fossil fuels is also declining. These and many other concerns couple with food shortages have drawn attention of scientists to a substitute fuel that is generated from feedstocks that can be renewed. Biodiesel as an alternative fuel with a lot of expectations is produced using edible grown conventional vegetable oils such as sunflower, rapeseed, palm, and soybean. The production of biodiesel from edible oils has, meanwhile, worsened the existing competitiveness of oil used for food and fuel. Emphasis on using nonedible feedstock is currently guided by research to discover more potential nonedible feedstock such as croton. Differences between perceptions and facts about these nonedible oils necessitate efforts to diversify feedstocks into sources that can warrant the production of energy without impacting on the security of food. Croton is a multipurpose evergreen plant that is nonedible and is commonly present and cultivated under environmental and socio-economic conditions, which are complex in nature. This plant, referred to as a golden tree, has various uses including fuels, medicinal, ornamentals, dyes, feed, enriching of soil, and afforestation. This research was therefore carried out to investigate the multipurpose use croton. Among the highlighted areas include croton (feedstock) used for biodiesel, the necessity for croton seed oil and its value chain, the process for the modifying croton oil to biodiesel, factors that influence the production of biodiesel, the application of croton biodiesel in engines for efficiency and emission characteristics, and prospects for croton biodiesel.

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Section: Micro-emulsificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Croton as a Multipurpose Nonedible Tree Plant for Biodiesel Production towards Feedstock Diversification for Sustainable Energy

Takase

2022

Advances in Agriculture

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“…Transesterification, pyrolysis, and microemulsion blending are some of the common methods for modifying the characteristics of suitable vegetable oil to make it better suited to diesel engines 11 , 12 . Transesterification, in general, yields unpurified by-products such as alcohol, glycerol, tri-, di-, and mono-glycerides, catalysts, and a substantial amount of polluted wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable diesel microemulsion using diammonium ionic liquids and their effects on fuel properties, particle size characteristics and combustion calculations

El Nagy,

Mohamed

2024

Sci Rep

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Ecofriendly and stable Fuel Microemulsions based on renewable components were prepared through solubilizing ethanol in diesel and waste cooking oil blend (4:1). New diquaternary ammonium ionic liquids (3a & 3b) were synthesized through a quaternization reaction of the synthesized dihaloester with diethyl ethanolamine tridecantrioate and triethyl amine tridecantrioate, respectively. The chemical structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. It was observed from DLS analyses that the ethanol particles in all samples have sizes between 4.77 to 11.22 nm. The distribution becomes narrower with the decrease in the ionic liquid concentrations. The fuel properties fall within the ASTM D975 acceptable specifications and are close to the neat diesel properties. The Cetane index were 53 and 53.5, heating values were 38.5 and 38.5 MJ/kg, viscosities were 2.91 and 2.98 mm2/s, densities were 8.26 and 8.29 g/mL and flash points were 49 °C and 48 °C for 3a1 and 3b1 microemulsions, respectively. The particle sizes of samples were examined by DLS for 160 days and they were significantly stable. The amount of ethanol solubilized increases with the increase in the amount of the synthesized ionic liquids and cosurfactant. The combustion calculations pointed out that the microemulsions 3a1 and 3b1 need 13.07 kg air/kg fuel and 12.79 kg air/kg fuel, respectively, which are less than the air required to combust the pure diesel. According to theoretical combustion, using ionic liquids saves the air consumption required for combustion and reduces the quantities of combustion products. The prepared microemulsions were successfully used as a diesel substitute due to their improved combustion properties than pure diesel and low pollution levels.

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“…[ 10 ] Micro‐emulsification is also tricky because of the combination of fuel pour point values, carbon residue formation, ring adhesion, and gum coalescence. [ 11 ] Therefore, among the existing approaches, transesterification is now quite prominent attributable to its appealing qualities, such as its straightforward downstream purifying procedure, ability to produce good quality biodiesel, need for mild reaction conditions, elimination of pretreatment, and tendency to make no foam. [ 12 ] In a nutshell, it involves combining the vegetable oil feedstock with alcohol, often methanol, in the catalyst's presence, typically a base like Na or KOH, to produce the homologous vegetable oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel from Biomass Waste Feedstock Prosopis Juliflora as a Fuel Substitute for Diesel and Enhancement of Its Usability in Diesel Engines Using Decanol

et al. 2023

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Biomass‐based biofuel production is a promising solution to the decline of fossil fuels. Prosopis juliflora seed‐derived vegetable oil, known as Prosopis juliflora methyl ester (JFME), offers a potential feedstock for biodiesel. To enhance its properties, the addition of Decanol is investigated, a higher‐order alcohol similar to Diesel. Experiments are conducted on a 5.2 kW compression ignition (CI) engine using JFME blended with different decanol concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis confirm its compliance with fuel standards. The findings reveal that the 20% decanol blend (D20) achieves a brake thermal efficiency of 29.9% at full load, with reduced NO, smoke, and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions compared to diesel. D20 shows NO emissions of 1265 ppm, smoke opacity of 53%, and HC emissions of 69 ppm, while diesel records 1320 ppm, 69%, and 75 ppm, respectively. The CO emissions for D20 are 0.359 vol%, slightly higher due to decanol's higher latent heat of evaporation. Moreover, D20 exhibits improved combustion with a higher mass fraction burnt and faster heat release rates. These results indicate the potential of using JFME blended with 20% decanol as an alternative fuel for CI engines, offering higher performance and reduced emissions.

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Micro-emulsification vs. transesterification: an investigation of the efficacy of methanol use in improving vegetable oil engine performance

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

A Critical Review of Croton as a Multipurpose Nonedible Tree Plant for Biodiesel Production towards Feedstock Diversification for Sustainable Energy

A Critical Review of Croton as a Multipurpose Nonedible Tree Plant for Biodiesel Production towards Feedstock Diversification for Sustainable Energy

Stable diesel microemulsion using diammonium ionic liquids and their effects on fuel properties, particle size characteristics and combustion calculations

Biodiesel from Biomass Waste Feedstock Prosopis Juliflora as a Fuel Substitute for Diesel and Enhancement of Its Usability in Diesel Engines Using Decanol

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