Micro-elemental analysis and characterization of major heavy metals and trace elements in the urinary stones collected from patients living in diverse geographical regions

Abdel-Gawad, Mahmoud; Ali‐El‐Dein, Bedeir; Elsobky, Emad; Mehta, Sanjeev; Alsaigh, Naimet; Knoll, Thomas; Kura, Mustafa; Kamphuis, Guido; Alhayek, Sameh; Alkohlany, Khaled; Buchholz, Noor; Monga, Manoj

doi:10.1007/s11356-022-20732-x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, this relationship was not observed in the CO stone group, suggesting that the association between Ca and Mg, Zn, and Ba in the Mixed CO and UA stone group may be predominantly driven by the influence of the UA stone group. Importantly, existing research has indicated that Mg, Zn, Ba, and Sr can substitute for Ca in the formation of urinary stones [ 49 , 67 ], but the conclusion lacks clarity regarding the differentiation of stone types. In conclusion, the three PCs of the major and trace elements in urinary stones can be explained by potential favorable alternative pathways or preferences in the intake process within the human body, revealing co-precipitation or substitution during the formation of urinary stones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The key role of major and trace elements in the formation of five common urinary stones

Tian,

Han,

Zhang

et al. 2024

BMC Urol

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Background Urolithiasis has emerged as a global affliction, recognized as one of the most excruciating medical issues. The elemental composition of stones provides crucial information, aiding in understanding the causes, mechanisms, and individual variations in stone formation. By understanding the interactions between elements in various types of stones and exploring the key role of elements in stone formation, insights are provided for the prevention and treatment of urinary stone disease. Methods This study collected urinary stone samples from 80 patients in Beijing. The chemical compositions of urinary stones were identified using an infrared spectrometer. The concentrations of major and trace elements in the urinary stones were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The data were processed using correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods. Results Urinary stones are categorized into five types: the calcium oxalate (CO) stone, carbonate apatite (CA) stone, uric acid (UA) stone, mixed CO and CA stone, and mixed CO and UA stone. Ca is the predominant element, with an average content ranging from 2.64 to 27.68% across the five stone groups. Based on geochemical analysis, the high-content elements follow this order: Ca > Mg > Na > K > Zn > Sr. Correlation analysis and PCA suggested significant variations in the interactions between elements for different types of urinary stones. Trace elements with charges and ionic structures similar to Ca may substitute for Ca during the process of stone formation, such as Sr and Pb affecting the Ca in most stone types except mixed stone types. Moreover, the Mg, Zn and Ba can substitute for Ca in the mixed stone types, showing element behavior dependents on the stone types. Conclusion This study primarily reveals distinct elemental features associated with five types of urinary stones. Additionally, the analysis of these elements indicates that substitutions of trace elements with charges and ion structures similar to Ca (such as Sr and Pb) impact most stone types. This suggests a dependence of stone composition on elemental behavior. The findings of this study will enhance our ability to address the challenges posed by urinary stones to global health and improve the precision of interventions for individuals with different stone compositions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The key role of major and trace elements in the formation of five common urinary stones

Tian,

Han,

Zhang

et al. 2024

BMC Urol

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“…52% of patients in the calcium oxalate stone group were older than 60, and 29% were BMI > 25. Many trace elements participate in and affect the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones, such as sodium and magnesium, which inhibit stone formation, while calcium and phosphorus promote stone formation (10). High concentration of Ca 2+ , oxalic acid and calcium oxalate crystals can induce oxidative stress response to damage renal tubular epithelial cells, resulting in the occurrence of kidney stones (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the correlation between serum levels of oxidative stress regulatory factors and CaOx kidney stones

Aihemaitijiang,

Azhati,

Tailaiti

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background This study revealed the role of serum oxidative stress regulators such as sKL, Nrf2 and GSK3β, in the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones. Methods Clinical data and blood samples were collected from 148 patients with CaOx kidney stones and 151 healthy persons.The levels of sKL, Nrf2, NQO-1, HO-1 and GSK3β in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The independent sample t test and rank sum test were used to compare the two sets of data.Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between serum sKL and levels of Nrf2, NQO-1, HO-1 and GSK3β in patients with CaOx kidney stones.Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting the occurrence of CaOx kidney stones. ROC curve was used to evaluate the value of oxidative stress markers in the diagnosis of CaOx kidney stones. Results There were statistically significant differences in age, BMI, serum levels of sKL, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, GSK3β, potassium, sodium and magnesium between healthy group and CaOx group (P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that serum sKL level was positively correlated with NQO-1 (r = 0.207, P = 0.011) and serum Ca2+ (r = 0.17, P = 0.13), and negatively correlated with GSK3β (r=-0.206, P = 0.012).Logistic regression showed that increased serum HO-1 and NQO-1 levels were protective factors for the occurrence of CaOx kidney stones (P<0.05), and increased BMI and serum GSK3β levels were risk factors for the occurrence of CaOx kidney stones(P<0.05).The combined ROC curve analysis of the three indexes showed that the combined sensitivity (0.85), specificity (0.70) and AUC (0.84) of serum HO-1 + NQO-1 + GSK3β were significantly higher than the combined detection of single or two indexes, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The serum levels of sKL, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1 are decreased in patients with CaOx kidney stones, and the serum levels of GSK3β are increased.Serum sKL level was positively correlated with NQO-1 and negatively correlated with GSK3β.The elevated levels of serum HO-1 and NQO-1 are protective factors and GSK3β and BMI are risk factors for the development of CaOx kidney stones.Serum HO-1 + NQO-1 + GSK3β is a suitable combination for the serologic diagnosis of CaOx kidney stones.

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“…Among the risk factors, heavy metal exposure such as cadmium has gradually attracted researchers' attention. It has been reported that heavy metal exposure can increase the risk of urinary diseases such as erectile dysfunction, kidney stone diseases, and prostate cancer (7)(8)(9). However, the role of cadmium in the risk of renal stones is less investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

National analysis of urinary cadmium concentration and kidney stone: Evidence from NHANES (2011–2020)

Zai-zhi

Luo

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe association between urinary cadmium and kidney stone risk is inconsistent in previous studies, which needs further exploration. This study was performed to explore the association between urinary cadmium and kidney stone.Materials and methodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2020) were included and further analyzed. Urinary cadmium was stratified into quartiles with quartile 1 (Q1: 0.025–0.104 μg/L) and quartile 4 (Q4: 0.435–7.581 μg/L). Further weighted logistic regression was adopted to evaluate the association between urinary cadmium and kidney stone. A subgroup analysis was used to verify the findings. The non-linear association was examined using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression.ResultsA total of 9,056 adults aged 20 years and above were included in this study. In the fully adjusted model, an increased risk of kidney stones was identified for quartile 2 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.06–1.84, P < 0.05), quartile 3 (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.88–1.59, P > 0.05), and quartile 4 (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.10–2.06, P < 0.05). A similar association was found between continuous cadmium increase and OR of kidney stones in the fully adjusted model (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01–1.26, P < 0.05). The RCS also indicated a non-linear association between urinary cadmium concentration and kidney stone risk (P for non-linear < 0.001).ConclusionIn summary, cadmium exposure is identified as a risk factor for kidney stones in this study. Their non-linear association makes demands on early intervention for the cadmium-exposed population. Medical interventions for kidney stone prevention should take cadmium exposure into account.

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Micro-elemental analysis and characterization of major heavy metals and trace elements in the urinary stones collected from patients living in diverse geographical regions

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

The key role of major and trace elements in the formation of five common urinary stones

The key role of major and trace elements in the formation of five common urinary stones

Study on the correlation between serum levels of oxidative stress regulatory factors and CaOx kidney stones

National analysis of urinary cadmium concentration and kidney stone: Evidence from NHANES (2011–2020)

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