Micro-destructive mapping of the salt crystallization front in limestone

Modestou, Sevasti; Theodoridou, Magdalini; Ioannou, Ioannis

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.05.008

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the current research, the average demanded drilling forces gave a good estimation of the strength parameters of the tested materials, which agree well with the literature (e.g. Theodoridou et al 2015, Exadaktylos et al 2000, Tiano et al 2000, Delgado Rodrigues et al 2002, Pamplona et al 2008, Vázquez et al 2016. The drilling profiles corresponded to the microfabric of the materials close to the surface, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Exadaktylos et al 2000;Singer et al 2000;Tiano 2001;Delgado Rodrigues et al 2002;Cnudde et al 2008;Theodoridou and Ioannou 2015;Modestou et al 2015). It has been proven that the results of this testing method correlate well with various laboratory measured physical and mechanical properties of weak to very strong limestones (Theodoridou et al 2015). During the measurements, the necessary force for penetrating a certain depth in time was measured continually, while the penetration rate and rotational speed were kept constant.…”

Section: Micro-destructive Techniques Drilling Resistance Measurement Systemmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The DRMS cordless (Drilling Resistance Measurement System) by SINT Technology is a portable micro-destructive cutting technique that was developed for laboratory and in situ studies in heritage conservation (e.g. Exadaktylos et al 2000;Singer et al 2000;Tiano 2001;Delgado Rodrigues et al 2002;Cnudde et al 2008;Theodoridou and Ioannou 2015;Modestou et al 2015). It has been proven that the results of this testing method correlate well with various laboratory measured physical and mechanical properties of weak to very strong limestones (Theodoridou et al 2015).…”

Section: Micro-destructive Techniques Drilling Resistance Measurement Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ investigation of stone heritage sites for conservation purposes: a case study of the Székesfehérvár Ruin Garden in Hungary

Theodoridou

Török

2019

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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This paper demonstrates the application of in situ diagnostic tools to document stone heritage sites prior to conservation interventions using a Medieval ruin of Central Europe (Székesfehérvár, Hungary). The applied methods included lithological mapping and characterisation and mapping of decay forms as well as in situ measurements of physical parameters such as Schmidt hammer rebound, moisture content and micro-drilling resistance. The combination of these methods allowed the condition assessment of different lithotypes and demonstrated the role of micro-fabric, mineralogical composition and climatic conditions in stone durability. Differences were found in the properties and in the weathering forms of fine-grained and medium-grained porous oolitic limestone and travertine. The black crust observed in porous limestone is less prone to detachment on medium-grained oolitic limestone ashlars, while scaling was observed on fine-grained oolitic limestone blocks. The micro-drilling resistance of exposed porous limestone showed higher drilling resistance at the crust zone (upper 1-2 mm) than below, marking the upper cemented zone, while the drilling resistance of porous limestone under shelter showed an opposite trend. The shelly limestone, the sandy calcarenite and red compact limestone also showed an increase in drilling resistance at the topmost app. 2 mm zone. The applied in situ, non-invasive and micro-destructive techniques helped in the identification of endangered zones at Székesfehérvár, thus, they can provide key information on condition assessment of stones at heritage sites, where sampling is limited and preventive conservation is important.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Micro-destructive Techniques Drilling Resistance Measurement Systemmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Micro-destructive Techniques Drilling Resistance Measurement Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ investigation of stone heritage sites for conservation purposes: a case study of the Székesfehérvár Ruin Garden in Hungary

Theodoridou

Török

2019

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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“…The salt content in the samples can then be measured by the hygroscopic moisture content method [137,138], or by ion chromatography (IC) [17,50,51,98] or electrical conductivity [103]. Modestou et al [139] used the drilling resistance measurement system (DRMS) and the scratch tool to monitor the salt crystallization front in salt weathered limestone, both in the laboratory and in situ. Arizzi et al [62] analyzed by IC the amount of soluble cations present in mortar specimens at the end of a crystallization test with sodium sulfate.…”

Section: Destructive Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a more effective and reliable salt crystallization test for porous building materials: state of the art

et al. 2018

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The durability of building materials with respect to salt crystallization is commonly determined by accelerated weathering tests, carried out in the laboratory. An effective laboratory weathering test should assess the durability and, in the case of conservation of historic buildings, the compatibility of repair materials with those existing. Besides, the test should provide reliable results within a reasonable period of time, accelerating the deterioration process without however altering its mechanism. Despite several national and international standards, recommendations and guidelines, a commonly accepted testing protocol does not yet exist. Researchers often develop and apply their own procedure, a fact that complicates comparison between different studies. The RILEM Technical Committee 271 ASC has been set up with the scope of developing improved test procedures for the assessment of the behaviour of materials under the influence of salt crystallization, which should overcome the limitations of existing standards and recommendations. This paper constitutes one of the first results of the work of the Technical Committee. It critically reviews the literature on salt crystallization tests, identifies advantages and limitations of the several test protocols and This report was prepared by the working group within RILEM TC 271-ASC, and further reviewed and approved by all members of the RILEM TC 271-ASC.

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“…Field studies can include the performance of diverse tests on site such as the use of Drilling Resistance Measurement System (Modestou et al [31]), and many generally non-destructive procedures such as measurements of moisture content and water absorption (Zoghlami et al [32]), the Schmidt rebound test (Boumezbeur et al [33]), ultrasonic velocity propagation (Zoghlami et al [32]; Zezza [34]), rock surface micro-topography (Kamh & Koltuk [35]), image analyses (Zezza [34]; Ruiz-Agudo et al [36]), and colorimetric studies (Columbu et al [37]).…”

Section: Analysis Of Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to the Study of Salt Weathering of Geological Materials

Alves

Figueiredo

2019

The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Geosciences

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Salt weathering is the main erosive process affecting diverse geological materials in historical and contemporary structures and can also contribute to visual changes by surface crystallization. The main goal of the present paper is to assess publications concerning the study of salt weathering of natural stone considering the main approaches (laboratory tests and field observations). Our focus will be on rock types other than sedimentary carbonate rocks and sandstones (which are the most studied rocks both in laboratory and field studies). Granite and pyroclastic rocks are dominant in the studied set. Also deserves highlighting (for scientific reasons) the scarcity of studies regarding foliated rocks and marble.

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Micro-destructive mapping of the salt crystallization front in limestone

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

In situ investigation of stone heritage sites for conservation purposes: a case study of the Székesfehérvár Ruin Garden in Hungary

In situ investigation of stone heritage sites for conservation purposes: a case study of the Székesfehérvár Ruin Garden in Hungary

Towards a more effective and reliable salt crystallization test for porous building materials: state of the art

Approaches to the Study of Salt Weathering of Geological Materials

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