Micro-CT Analysis of Bone Healing in Rabbit Calvarial Critical-Sized Defects with Solid Bioactive Glass, Tricalcium Phosphate Granules or Autogenous Bone

Abstract

ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate bone healing in rabbit critical-sized calvarial defects using two different synthetic scaffold materials, solid biodegradable bioactive glass and tricalcium phosphate granules alongside solid and particulated autogenous bone grafts.Material and MethodsBilateral full thickness critical-sized calvarial defects were created in 15 New Zealand white adult male rabbits. Ten defects were filled with solid scaffolds made of bioactive glass or with porous tricalcium phosphate granules. The healing of the biomaterial-filled defects was compared at the 6 week time point to the healing of autologous bone grafted defects filled with a solid cranial bone block in 5 defects and with particulated bone combined with fibrin glue in 10 defects. In 5 animals one defect was left unfilled as a negative control. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to analyze healing of the defects.ResultsMicro-CT analysis revealed that defects filled with tricalcium phosphate granules showed new bone formation in the order of 3.89 (SD 1.17)% whereas defects treated with solid bioactive glass scaffolds showed 0.21 (SD 0.16)%, new bone formation. In the empty negative control defects there was an average new bone formation of 21.8 (SD 23.7)%.ConclusionsAccording to findings in this study, tricalcium phosphate granules have osteogenic potential superior to bioactive glass, though both particulated bone with fibrin glue and solid bone block were superior defect filling materials.

Novel osteoconductive β-tricalcium phosphate/poly(L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone) scaffold for bone regeneration: a study in a rabbit calvarial defect

“…This was also apparent in the empty defects in this study, where bulging of soft tissues occupied the space and only a thin layer of new bone followed the dural periosteum. This finding is in accordance with previous studies where in calvarial defects new bone formation along the dura is reported to be the principal regeneration type [28,29]. Notably, the scaffoldfilled defects also exhibited pronounced dural osteogenesis in addition to bone ingrowth into the porosity of the scaffold, and new bone formation appeared to slow down from to 24 weeks.…”

“…It is thus possible that the degradation of the material was not fast enough from 4 to 24 weeks to enable enough space for accelerated new bone formation inside the scaffold. Accordingly, new bone formation in scaffolds has been shown to be slower than in β-TCP granule-filled defects because the material decreases the space available for new bone formation [24,29,30]. On the other hand, fast degradation of a filling material may lead to premature loss of structural support, and therefore may not lead to desirable or faster new bone formation.…”

Citrate-based materials fuel human stem cells by metabonegenic regulation

“…In the succession of studies described above, we designed BPLP-PSer/HA composite MP scaffolds to provide growth guidance and osteogenic benefits for accelerated bone repair. As a demonstrated scaffold modality, MP scaffolds provide abundant bioactive surfaces for cell interactions along with wellinterconnected pores for fast tissue penetration (42), enabling in vitro 3D culture studies and facile in vivo applications for bonedefect filling or augmentation. More importantly, the resulting MP scaffolds are expected to provide a biomimetic citrate- (12,13) and PSer-rich (SI Appendix, Fig.…”

Regeneration of Bone Defects Using Bioactive Glass Combined with Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. An experimental in vivo study

“…[19] Unfortunately, the use of these biomaterials limits the extent to which the physical properties of the scaffold can be tailored. Therefore, mineral scaffolds, such as ceramic materials or glass were considered more promising [20,21].…”

“…This osteogenic induction was attributed to the sodium and calcium ions and soluble silica, which concentration was considered to be critical. The favorable effects of bioactive glasses implants are not limited to osseous regeneration, as it was shown that they induce an increased vascularity in bone lesions of earlier irradiated calvaria, where the circulation was compromised [21]. A lot of research focused on tissue regeneration after using mesenchymal stem cells isolated from adipose tissue, which proved to have similar characteristics with the stem cells derived from the bone marrow [23].…”