“…The half-value width of the anatase (1 0 1) peak (FWHM) was 0.24, while the TiO 2 /Eu 2 O 3 was 0.28, which revealed that the diameter of the grain size in the TiO 2 /Eu 2 O 3 composite film was smaller than that of pristine TiO 2 film. Similar results were also obtained in our previous work [12]. This was because that Eu 2 O 3 acted as nuclear sites or assistant nuclear sites for TiO 2 growth during MAO process.…”
Section: Photo-generated Current Test Of the Filmssupporting
confidence: 91%
“…And it provides a powerful technique to in situ prepare a high quality TiO 2 film with high micro-hardness, high adhesion, high strength and high wear resistance upon the surface of Ti substrates, which has been used in various areas, such as photocatalysts, sensors and solar cells, etc. [12][13][14][15].…”
“…The half-value width of the anatase (1 0 1) peak (FWHM) was 0.24, while the TiO 2 /Eu 2 O 3 was 0.28, which revealed that the diameter of the grain size in the TiO 2 /Eu 2 O 3 composite film was smaller than that of pristine TiO 2 film. Similar results were also obtained in our previous work [12]. This was because that Eu 2 O 3 acted as nuclear sites or assistant nuclear sites for TiO 2 growth during MAO process.…”
Section: Photo-generated Current Test Of the Filmssupporting
confidence: 91%
“…And it provides a powerful technique to in situ prepare a high quality TiO 2 film with high micro-hardness, high adhesion, high strength and high wear resistance upon the surface of Ti substrates, which has been used in various areas, such as photocatalysts, sensors and solar cells, etc. [12][13][14][15].…”
“…The synthesis of black‐colored titania requires either high‐pressure hydrogenation or high‐temperature hydrogenation, as reported in the literature. In our case, black titania was not obtained under the present hydrogenation conditions, even with a prolonged annealing time (7 h at temperatures of 250 and 450 °C).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, the titania surface has been modified by various means such as coupling with a narrow band gap semiconductor, plasmonic metals, and so on to reduce the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Among the modifications adopted, introducing phase junctions was proven to be an effective strategy to inhibit the fast recombination of excited charge carriers .…”
We report the first demonstration of hydrogen‐annealed triphase TiO2 nanotubes (anatase–rutile–brookite) (T‐ARB) as a visible‐light‐active photocatalyst for water splitting with high quantum efficiency. As‐synthesized T‐ARB was annealed under hydrogen atmosphere at 250 and 450 °C for 2 h. We found that the tubular structures were retained in the hydrogenated TiO2 samples. It was observed that the concentrations of Ti3+ and the oxygen vacancies and their distribution significantly increased with respect to the hydrogen annealing temperature. Such changes in defects were found to be critical in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the hydrogen‐annealed triphase TiO2 nanotubes. The triphase TiO2 nanotubes hydrogen annealed at 450 °C were 16 times more efficient than pristine TiO2. Such an increase in the photocatalytic activity was explained by a triphase band diagram with defect states below the conduction band of each phase, which facilitated visible‐light activity and easy transfer of charge carriers from one phase to another. Our study showed that the well‐designed multiphase construction with oxygen vacancies enhanced the photocatalytic activity tremendously owing to the presence of a higher number of phase junctions.
“…MAO can be expressed as a valid process for "in situ" preparing of ceramic coatings. In the case of TiO 2 , the phase structure can be controlled by adjusting the experimental conditions [23]. The details of the MAO process can be found elsewhere [24][25][26].…”
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