Micro and surface analysis for environmental studies

Grasserbauer, M.

doi:10.1007/bf01196724

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, EDX analysis of the laser-structured plates exhibited an O K signal, indicating the presence of nickel oxide (supplementary information). Since XRD has an information depth of several micrometers [47], XRD measurements contain mostly information about the bulk material. Ni passivates at room temperature in three steps, where the first step is the chemisorption of oxygen at the Ni surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiky Nickel Electrodes for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Catalysis by Femtosecond Laser Structuring

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Koch

Lilienkamp

et al. 2018

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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Micro- and nanostructured Ni/NiO surfaces were generated by femtosecond laser structuring for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline water electrolysis cells. For two different angles between the laser beam and the nickel surface, two different types of laser-structured electrodes were prepared, characterized, and compared with a plane tempered nickel electrode. Their electrochemical activities for the oxygen evolution reaction were tested by using cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry. The chemical surface composition was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Laser structuring increased the overall electrochemical performance by more than one order of magnitude. The overpotential of the laser-structured electrodes for the oxygen evolution reaction was decreased by more than 100 mV due to high defect densities of the structures created by the laser ablation process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiky Nickel Electrodes for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Catalysis by Femtosecond Laser Structuring

Best

Koch

Lilienkamp

et al. 2018

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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“…After the electrochemical treatment no additional crystalline phase could be found. Since XRD has an information depth of several micrometers, XRD measurements contain mostly information about the bulk material. However, EDX analysis of the LINF electrodes exhibited a weak O K α signal, indicating a thin NiO passivation layer (supplementary information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Nickel Nano‐Foam by Femtosecond Laser Structuring for Supercapacitor Application

et al. 2018

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A focused femtosecond laser beam was scanned across a nickel electrode in a line pattern with different line distances to generate a large electrochemical surface area for charge storage. During the laser structuring process, small metal particles were generated and sintered to a porous foam‐like structure, the so‐called laser‐induced nano‐foam (LINF), which strongly adheres to the substrate surface. The structuring was carried out in argon atmosphere, in order to prevent oxidation of the LINF structure during the structuring process. The topography of the LINF was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning microscopy. The electrochemical surface area of the electrodes was determined by cyclic voltammetry based on the charging of the double‐layer. The total capacity of the nickel LINF electrodes was measured by galvanostatic charge‐discharge to test their capability for supercapacitor applications. The surface area enlargement and therefore the total capacity increases with decreasing line distance. The LINF structure provides a surface area enlargement up to a factor of 1600 and a total capacity up to 2 C cm−2.

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“…Numerous methods have been applied to the analysis of single aerosol particles and have been well documented in a number of sources (Grasserbauer 1983;Fletcher & Small 1993;Ortner et al 1998;De Bock & Van Grieken 1999). The vast majority of available methods are limited by spatial resolution and/or detection limits, and tend to be more applicable to the analysis of particles 0.5 m m to 1 m m in diameter and above.…”

Section: Single Ultra¯ne Particle Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of methods for analysing single ultrafine particles

Maynard

2000

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Seri

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Increasing awareness that structures and attributes on a nanometre scale within aerosol particles may play a signi cant role in determining their behaviour has highlighted the need for suitable single ultra ne particle analysis methods. By adopting technologies developed within complementary disciplines, together with the development of aerosol-speci c methods, a basis for characterizing single sub-100 nm (ultra ne) particles and features in terms of size, morphology, topology, composition, structure and physicochemical properties is established. Size, morphology and surface properties are readily characterized in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), while high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) allows structural information on particles and atomic clusters to sub-0.2 nm resolution. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and X-ray emission in the STEM allow the chemical analysis of particles and particle regions down to nanometre diameters. Scanning probe microscopy o¬ers the possibility of analysing nanometre-diameter particles under ambient conditions, thus getting away from some of the constraints imposed by electron microscopy. Imaging methods such as atomic force microscopy and near-eld scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) o¬er novel and exciting possibilities for the characterization of speci c aerosols. Developments in aerosol mass spectrometry are providing the means for chemically characterizing size-segregated ultra ne particles down to 10 nm in diameter on-line. By taking a multi-disciplinary approach, the compilation and development of complementary tools allowing both routine and in-depth analysis of individual ultra ne particles is possible.

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Micro and surface analysis for environmental studies

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Spiky Nickel Electrodes for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Catalysis by Femtosecond Laser Structuring

Spiky Nickel Electrodes for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Catalysis by Femtosecond Laser Structuring

Porous Nickel Nano‐Foam by Femtosecond Laser Structuring for Supercapacitor Application

Overview of methods for analysing single ultrafine particles

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