“…Measurements of the velocity field is fundamental in understanding the behavior of flowing systems both natural, ranging from molecular biology (Bos et al, 2021;Faez et al, 2015;Huang and Choma, 2015;Wang et al, 2018) and cellular biology (Marin et al, 2017;Savorana et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2020) to physiology (Oeler et al, 2021;Sampath et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2022) and the environment, (Aksamit and Pomeroy, 2016;Gaudin et al, 2014;Mujtaba and de Lima, 2018;Tagliavini et al, 2022;Tauro et al, 2019) and engineered, spanning biochemical reactors (Devasenathipathy et al, 2002;Hofmann et al, 2022;Kováts et al, 2018;Romano et al, 2023Romano et al, , 2021 and fundamental fluid dynamics (Humphrey et al, 1974;Kasagi and Nishino, 1991;Kim et al, 2016) to manufacturing (Eschner et al, 2019;Fischer et al, 2022) and civil (Bautista-Capetillo et al, 2014;Fu et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2020) industry. The imaging system must fulfill resolution requirements relative to the physical system, however, no constraint is imposed on the overall scale of the physical system, PTV being applicable to nano, (Bos et al, 2021;Faez et al, 2015;Matsuura et al, 2018;Satake, 2022;Wang et al, 2018) micro, (Choi et al, 2012;Dehnavi et al, 2020;Devasenathipathy et al, 2002;Fan et al, 2010;Huang ...…”