Micro- and nanoplastic toxicity on aquatic life: Determining factors

Kögel, Tanja; Bjorøy, Ørjan; Toto, Benuarda; Bienfait, André Marcel; Sanden, Monica

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136050

Cited by 365 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…To analyze human exposure to microplastics, the level of microplastic exposure to smaller particles should be determined because it has been reported that toxic effects of microplastics on aquatic species depend on particle size [ 134 , 135 ]. However, the predominant methods for identifying microplastics using FT-IR or Raman spectroscopy are only able to confirm microplastics with the size greater than 10 μm [ 131 ], whereas toxic effects were mostly observed for much smaller particles, making a gap between exposure and effect assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is well-acknowledged that various shapes and sizes of microplastics are also important for determining the adversity of microplastics in humans. Smaller and fiber-type particles are often regarded as more dangerous than larger and fragment-type particles [ 134 , 135 ] and nano-sized microplastics may cross barriers in digestive systems [ 139 ]. As shown in Figure 2 , the fraction of fiber-type microplastics varies among different food items and studies, even for the same food items, and there are gaps between the level of microplastics in food items and that causing adverse outcomes in animal studies; thus, the adverse health effects from consumption of microplastics are difficult to assess.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 2 , the fraction of fiber-type microplastics varies among different food items and studies, even for the same food items, and there are gaps between the level of microplastics in food items and that causing adverse outcomes in animal studies; thus, the adverse health effects from consumption of microplastics are difficult to assess. As the maximum allowable intake rate of fibers is suspected to be much lower than that of spheres and fragments, although further investigation is needed [ 134 , 135 ], studies that monitor concentrations of microplastics in various food items should be conducted carefully to evaluate the presence of fiber-type microplastics in food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastics in Food: A Review on Analytical Methods and Challenges

Kwon

Kim

Pham

et al. 2020

IJERPH

125

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Human exposure to microplastics contained in food has become a significant concern owing to the increasing accumulation of microplastics in the environment. In this paper, we summarize the presence of microplastics in food and the analytical methods used for isolation and identification of microplastics. Although a large number of studies on seafood such as fish and shellfish exist, estimating the overall human exposure to microplastics via food consumption is difficult owing to the lack of studies on other food items. Analytical methods still need to be optimized for appropriate recovery of microplastics in various food matrices, rendering a quantitative comparison of different studies challenging. In addition, microplastics could be added or removed from ingredients during processing or cooking. Thus, research on processed food is crucial to estimate the contribution of food to overall human microplastic consumption and to mitigate this exposure in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastics in Food: A Review on Analytical Methods and Challenges

Kwon

Kim

Pham

et al. 2020

IJERPH

125

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“…At the current state, MP masses are ideal for modelling and mass balancing for, e.g., wastewater treatment plants or general load determination. Besides size and mass of particles, their chemical identity is crucial as different polymer types may act differently due to their chemical composition, absorbed or inherent chemicals and density in modelling, and risk assessment studies [13].…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and hyperspectral FTIR imaging spectroscopy for the analysis of microplastics

et al. 2020

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Analysis of microplastics (MP) in environmental samples is an emerging field, which is performed with various methods and instruments based either on spectroscopy or thermoanalytical methods. In general, both approaches result in two different types of data sets that are either mass or particle number related. Depending on detection limits of the respective method and instrumentation the derived polymer composition trends may vary. In this study, we compare the results of hyperspectral Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) imaging analysis and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analysis performed on a set of environmental samples that differ in complexity and degree of microplastic contamination. The measurements were conducted consecutively, and on exactly the same sample. First, the samples were investigated with FTIR using aluminum oxide filters; subsequently, these were crushed, transferred to glass fiber filters, in pyrolysis cups, and measured via Py-GC/MS. After a general data harmonization step, the trends in MP contamination were thoroughly investigated with regard to the respective sample set and the derived polymer compositions. While the overall trends in MP contamination were very similar, differences were observed in the polymer compositions. Furthermore, polymer masses were empirically calculated from FTIR data and compared with the Py-GC/MS results. Here, a most plausible shape-related overestimation of the calculated polymer masses was observed in samples with larger particles and increased particle numbers. Taking into account the different measurement principles of both methods, all results were examined and discussed, and future needs for harmonization of intermethodological results were identified and highlighted.

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“…Nonetheless, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, in ammation as well as dysregulation of lipid and energy metabolism have been the proposed mechanisms, among others, reported in the literature [4,5,6]. The principles of plastic particulates toxicity have been extensively reviewed [7,8,9,10,11], even though evidences of harmful effects have mostly restricted to observation on marine and aquatic species and albeit microplastics. Public health and environmental concerns, however, increasingly drive efforts to unravel the potential effects following exposure to nanoplastics (NPs -fragments ≤ 100 nm) in humans which could be a future prime concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological stress response of the Wistar albino rats orally exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles

Babaei

Rafiee

Khodagholi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Few studies have examined nano-sized plastic particulates (NPs) exposure in relation to oxidative stress and biochemical responses in rodents, commonly used for toxicity evaluations on which to base risk assessment for humans.Methods Here we explored possible oxidative stress and biochemical responses of five weeks oral exposure to polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (1, 3, 6 and 10 mg/kg body weight per day) in male rats. We used variance analysis and variance explained statistic eta-squared (𝜂2) to estimate the strength of relationships worked out. The whole body scanning further provided insight into the bio-distribution of nanoplastics upon oral exposure.Results Results demonstrated the accumulation of PS-NPs through whole body and also a dose-dependent increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Significant alterations in antioxidant responses including serum levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total glutathione content were noticed, pointing towards a perturbation of redox state induced by the exposure conditions. Acetylcholinesterase level in highest dose group was about 40 percent lower than those in control group. Biochemical parameters viz. glucose, cortisol, lipase, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), triglycerides, and urea showed a significant increase, while total protein, albumin and globulin levels showed an appreciable decline.Conclusion The pattern of associations noticed with AChE activity and biochemical responses in our study suggests the possibility that a neurobehavioral effect or dysfunctions in energy metabolism, or both, may be the potential mode of action, possibly through stress response as well as liver function. Perturbations of creatinine and uric acid levels are indeed plausible biological explanations for the association with kidney dysfunction. Although we provided a new scientific clue for exploring the biological effects of plastics nanoparticles, the results warrant additional research with a larger sample size. The suggested potential mechanisms also remains to be investigated.

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Micro- and nanoplastic toxicity on aquatic life: Determining factors

Cited by 365 publications

References 166 publications

Microplastics in Food: A Review on Analytical Methods and Challenges

Microplastics in Food: A Review on Analytical Methods and Challenges

Comparison of pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and hyperspectral FTIR imaging spectroscopy for the analysis of microplastics

Physiological stress response of the Wistar albino rats orally exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles

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