Micro- and nano-patterned conductive graphene–PEG hybrid scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering

Smith, Alec S.T.; Yoo, Hyok; Yi, Hyunjung; Ahn, Eun Hyun; Lee, Justin Ho; Shao, Guozheng; Nagornyak, Ekaterina; Laflamme, Michael A.; Murry, Charles E.; Kim, Deok Ho

doi:10.1039/c7cc01988b

Cited by 95 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Unlike normal myocardium, fibrotic tissue resulting from myocardial infarction has a dramatically reduced electrical conductivity, which leads to the malfunction of the cardiac muscle [ 56 ]. Multiple conductive biocompatible polymer nanocomposites containing various carbon nanomaterials including CNTs have been studied to date [ 57 , 58 , 59 ]. The high electrical conductivity of CNTs is determined by their electronic structure, characterized by a delocalized electronic band [ 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible Nanocomposites Based on Poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) and Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Application

et al. 2020

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In this study, we incorporated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) (SIBS) to investigate the physical characteristics of the resulting nanocomposite and its cytotoxicity to endothelial cells. CNTs were dispersed in chloroform using sonication following the addition of a SIBS solution at different ratios. The resultant nanocomposite films were analyzed by X-ray microtomography, optical and scanning electron microscopy; tensile strength was examined by uniaxial tension testing; hydrophobicity was evaluated using a sessile drop technique; for cytotoxicity analysis, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured on SIBS–CNTs for 3 days. We observed an uneven distribution of CNTs in the polymer matrix with sporadic bundles of interwoven nanotubes. Increasing the CNT content from 0 wt% to 8 wt% led to an increase in the tensile strength of SIBS films from 4.69 to 16.48 MPa. The engineering normal strain significantly decreased in 1 wt% SIBS–CNT films in comparison with the unmodified samples, whereas a further increase in the CNT content did not significantly affect this parameter. The incorporation of CNT into the SIBS matrix resulted in increased hydrophilicity, whereas no cytotoxicity towards endothelial cells was noted. We suggest that SIBS–CNT may become a promising material for the manufacture of implantable devices, such as cardiovascular patches or cusps of the polymer heart valve.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible Nanocomposites Based on Poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) and Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Application

et al. 2020

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“…Finally, PMMA is removed which results in graphene‐functionalized PEG structure. (This panel was prepared with modification of figure from Smith et al, ). CNT, carbon nanotube; PMMA, polymethylmethacrylate…”

Section: Electroconductive Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This graphene effect has attributed to its carbon substrate due to interactions with the charged membranes of cardiac cells resulting in an improvement in morphology and function. Hydrophilicity was also suggested as another reason for phenotypic enhancement on these micro‐ and nanopatterned conductive graphene–PEG hybrid scaffolds (Smith et al, ).…”

Section: Electroconductive Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, PMMA is removed which results in graphenefunctionalized PEG structure. (This panel was prepared with modification of figure fromSmith et al, 2017). CNT, carbon nanotube; PMMA, polymethylmethacrylate cardiac function as reflected in an increase in ejection fraction and fractional shortening as well as reduction in the infarct size and thicker left ventricular wall.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrically conductive materials for in vitro cardiac microtissue engineering

Baei

Hosseini

Baharvand

et al. 2020

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Cardiac tissue engineering, a fairly new concept in cardiovascular research, could substantially improve our success in both in vitro modeling of cardiac microtissue and in vivo cardiac regenerative medicine. To a large extent, this success was attributed to mechanical as well as electrical properties of cardiac‐designated biomaterials which inherit the fundamental characteristics of a native myocardial extracellular matrix. Large efforts have been made toward designation and construction of these scaffolds which paved the way for more natural‐like biomaterials. As an important characteristic, electrical conductivity has grabbed special attention, thus opening up a whole new area of research to achieve the best biomaterial. Electroconductive scaffolds have benefitted from both incorporation of conductive particles in polymeric matrix and fabrication of organic conductive polymers which supported cardiac tissue engineering. However, conductive scaffolds have not yet achieved full success and more work is required to obtain the optimal conductivity with highest similarity to the native heart for in vitro cardiac microtissue engineering.

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“…One way to produce cardiac patches with suitable electrical properties is fabrication of composites comprising a nonconductive cytocompatible polymer matrix and conductive reinforcing filler such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or carbon nanofibers and gold nanoparticles (Balint, Cassidy, & Cartmell, 2014;Naseri, Diba, Golkar, Boccaccini, & Taylor, 2014;Smith et al, 2017;Stout, Basu, & Webster, 2011). CNTs exhibit excellent physicochemical properties such as high aspect ratio, very low density, small size, excellent thermal properties, strong mechanical resistance, elasticity, and high electrical conductivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of electrically conductive hybrid nanofibers based on CNT‐polyurethane nanocomposite for cardiac tissue engineering

Shokraei

Asadpour

Shokraei

et al. 2019

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Conductive nanofibers have been considered as one of the most interesting and promising candidate scaffolds for cardiac patch applications with capability to improve cell–cell communication. Here, we successfully fabricated electroconductive nanofibrous patches by simultaneous electrospray of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on polyurethane nanofibers. A series of CNT/PU nanocomposites with different weight ratios (2:10, 3:10, and 6:10wt%) were obtained. Scanning electron microscopy, conductivity analysis, water contact angle measurements, and tensile tests were used to characterize the scaffolds. FESEM showed that CNTs were adhered on PU nanofibers and created an interconnected web‐like structures. The SEM images also revealed that the diameters of nanofibers were decreased by increasing CNTs. The electrical conductivity, tensile strength, Young's modulus, and hydrophilicity of CNT/PU nanocomposites also enhanced after adding CNTs. The scaffolds revealed suitable cytocompatibility for H9c2 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This study indicated that simultaneous electrospinning and electrospray can be used to fabricate conductive CNT/PUnanofibers, resulting in better cytocompatibility and improved interactions between the scaffold and cardiomyoblasts.

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Micro- and nano-patterned conductive graphene–PEG hybrid scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering

Cited by 95 publications

References 22 publications

Biocompatible Nanocomposites Based on Poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) and Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Application

Biocompatible Nanocomposites Based on Poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) and Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Application

Electrically conductive materials for in vitro cardiac microtissue engineering

Development of electrically conductive hybrid nanofibers based on CNT‐polyurethane nanocomposite for cardiac tissue engineering

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