Michael M. v. Superior Court, 450 U.S. 464 (1981)

Kaplan, Margo; Godsoe, Cynthia; Stanchi, Kathryn M.; Berger, Linda L.; Crawford, Bridget J.

doi:10.1017/cbo9781316411254.016

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The ore sample was typical of that obtained from West Africa (Ghana) and generally available to the battery industry. The synthetic pyrolusite was obtained some time ago and was prepared by the thermal decomposition of manganous nitrate (11). Portions of these same samples were used in the recuperation reaction rate study previously described (4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of the Active Surface on the Cathodic Reduction of MnO[sub 2]

Cahoon¹,

Korver²

1962

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The surface area of samples of manganese dioxide is shown to be an important factor in influencing its behavior. Four samples of MnO~ of widely different origins, electrolytic, activated, natural ore, and synthetic pyrolusite, with total surface area values of 52.8, 50.5, 7.4, and 1.6 mS/g, respectively, are used as examples. The rates of the recuperation reaction at temperatures of 21~ 50~ are shown to be related to the total surface area of the oxides by a complex relation, dependent on temperature and other factors. The product of the reaction MnOOH develops on the surface and in the pores of the original MnO~ particle, thus increasing the diameter and resulting in reduced pore volume, respectively. The MnOOH made under these conditions, from all four starting materials, appears as rod-shaped units in electron micrographs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manuscript received Nov. 28, 1960; revised manuscript received Sept. 25, 1961. This paper was prepared for delivery before the Houston Meeting, Oct. [9][10][11][12][13] 1960.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Active Surface on the Cathodic Reduction of MnO[sub 2]

Cahoon¹,

Korver²

1962

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Hydroxyethyl phosphate and dimethylphosphite can be made to react with pentaerythritol or trimethylol propane to obtain phosphate polyols with as much as 20% phosphorus. 112 Phosphine oxides, in contrast to phosphites, are among the most thermally and oxidatively resistant organophosphorous products. However, their relatively high cost probably prevents their use as fire retardants for polyurethane foams.…”

Section: Phosphorus-containing Organic Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main disadvantage of phosphate polyols is that the presence of even a small amount of water causes hydrolysis. Hydroxyethyl phosphate and dimethylphosphite can be made to react with pentaerythritol or trimethylol propane to obtain phosphate polyols with as much as 20% phosphorus 112. Phosphine oxides, in contrast to phosphites, are among the most thermally and oxidatively resistant organophosphorous products.…”

Section: Fire Retardancy Of Polyurethane Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ignition, combustion, toxicity, and fire retardancy of polyurethane foams: A comprehensive review

Singh

Jain

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

266

168

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This review provides insight into the ignition, combustion, smoke, toxicity, and fire-retardant performance of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams. This review also covers various additive and reactive fireretardant approaches adopted to render polyurethane foams fire-retardant. Literature sources are mostly technical publications, patents, and books published since 1961. It has been found by different workers that polyurethane foams are easily ignitable and highly flammable, support combustion, and burn quite rapidly. They are therefore required to be fire-retardant for different applications. Polyurethane foams during combustion produce a large quantity of vision-obscuring smoke. The toxicity of the combustion products is much higher than that of many other manmade polymers because of the high concentrations of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide. Polyurethane foams have been rendered fire-retardant by the incorporation of phosphorus-containing compounds, halogen-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing additives, silicone-containing products, and miscellaneous organic and inorganic additives. Some heat-resistant groups such as carbodiimide-, isocyanurate-, and nitrogencontaining heterocycles formed with polyurethane foams also render urethane foams fire-retardant. Fire-retardant additives reduce the flammability, smoke level, and toxicity of polyurethane foams with some degradation in other characteristics. It can be concluded that despite many significant attempts, no commercial solution to the fire retardancy of polyurethane foams without some loss of physical and mechanical properties is available.

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“…Heart muscle antisera alone and especially in combination with dead streptococci or in a previously beri-beri damaged heart are able to produce changes resembling myocarditis. With homogenate of rabbit heart muscle iso-antibodies can be produced in the rabbit, and the organ specificity of the antibodies has been established (24, 25,37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%