Micellization-induced amplified fluorescence response for highly sensitive detection of heparin in serum

Abstract

Fluorescence-based assays should be feasible in aqueous media for effectively detecting the biological factors. However, numerous sensors have limited signal transductions and low fluorescence quantum yields due to the ingerently reduced excited state energy of fluorophores in aqueous solution, which reduces their sensitivity. This necessitates a smart sensing approach with an amplified fluorescence response for analytes in aqueous solution. Herein, a new building block which self-assembles in aqueous media, giving a micellar sturcuture with the hydrophobic π-extended conjugated system at the core and hydrophilic groups at the periphery, was devised for the first time. We demonstrated that the aggregated fluorophores in a micelle induce amplified fluorescence quenching, in which the excited electron efficiently migrates through π-extended conjugated system in a micelle, as in a polymeric system. Such feature differentiates this sensing approach from the numerous fluorescence-based tools previously developed for sensitive detection. This new system exhibited highly sensitive signal transduction for specific analytes even under actual bioanalytical conditions.

Nanostructured Luminescent Micelles: Efficient “Functional Materials” for Sensing Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosives

“…Considering the advancement of nanotechnology and nanoscience, nanostructured micellar probes have been considered as a promising candidate for bio-sensing owing to their structural flexibility and versatility [62]. However, only a handful of luminescent biosensor probes based on micellar systems appeared in the recent literature [16][17][18][19][20][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. We will provide a very brief glimpse on these luminescent biosensors, which are used to create self-assembled nanostructure materials showing promise for use as next generation potential as "functional materials".…”

“…Recently Lee et al reported an interesting model sensor [17] to sense heparin (HP) with amplified fluorescence response resulted from inter-fluorophore excitation migration within a self-assembled micellar medium. For this purpose, a coumarin-based amphiphilic fluorescent molecule (see Figure 8, Inset) is designed which forms a micellar structure consisting of a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic surface, where the aggregated coumarins promote the energy and electron transport under bioanalytical conditions.…”

“…These luminophoric materials are used to demonstrate the rudimentary models for various CT/ET processes in an aqueous solution in the presence of various chemical entities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Based on the fundamental idea of CT/ET transition, a considerable number of elegant luminous micellar systems are developed for sensing metal ions [8][9][10][11][12] and anions [13][14][15], biomolecules [16][17][18][19][20], detection of explosive [21][22][23][24][25], etc. to name a few.…”

Micellization Turned on Dual Fluorescence and Room Temperature Phosphorescence by Pseudo-ESIPT in Thiadiazole Derivatives

“…This behavior was expected since the silicone or hydrocarbon moieties possess high flexibility. By aggregation, the rigidity of the molecules increases, and the intramolecular rotations are hindered allowing for emissions. − Pictures of fluorescent micelles and fluorescent crystals are shown in Figures and S35 and S36.…”

Techniques for Detection of Clinical Used Heparins

“…Furthermore, there are new detection methods applied in clinic. Jang et al [ 80 ] developed the self-assembled conjugated fluorescent micelles which amplified the fluorescence response to heparins and had been applied to the highly sensitive detection of heparins in serum. Meanwhile, AuNPs with the same principle as the above gold nanomaterials had been applied in the clinical detection of heparins.…”