Micellar mediated trace level mercury quantification through the rhodamine B hydrazide spirolactam ring opening process

Abstract

The micellar mediated trace level estimation of mercury in industrial effluent sample by the rhodamine B hydrazide spirolactam ring opening process is described. The catalytic reaction of mercuric ion with colorless rhodamine B hydrazide to form pink colored rhodamine B through amide bond cleavage at pH 5 forms the basis of this reaction. The dye obtained was extracted from the aqueous phase into nonionic surfactant using Triton X-114 through cloud point formation and its absorbance was measured at 556 nm. The reaction conditions such as concentrations of rhodamine B hydrazide and Triton X-114, effect of NaCl concentration on cloud point temperature and the efficiency of extraction were optimized. The selectivity of the method towards mercury in the presence of various ions was studied. The validity of the method was examined by spiking real samples with known amounts of mercury and carrying out recovery studies. The results obtained by the proposed method were compared with the standard dithiazone method. The preconcentration and enrichment factors were found to be 5 and 12 respectively. The limit of detection and the linear range were found to be 1.4 ng ml À1 and 10-100 ng ml À1respectively. The relative standard deviation was found to be 0.35% at 20 ng ml À1.

Study of interactions between rhodamine B and a beidellite-rich clay fraction

“…4a). These bands, at 1245, 1345, 1412, 1590, 1715 and 2985 cm -1 , have been attributed to rhodamine B (Grauer et al, 1987;Pandurangappa & Kumar, 2011), indicating that some rhodamine B species were sorbed within the interlayer space of the clay and on the external surface.…”

A novel mixed matrix membrane of phenolphthalein hydrazide and polysulfone for the detection of copper ions in environmental water samples

“…It is well known that many xanthene‐based molecules are colorless and nonfluorescent in their spiro‐closed form, but colored and highly fluorescent in the spiro‐open form . Similarly, PH is colorless due to its spiro‐closed structure but after interaction with Cu 2+ ions release the pink colored spiro‐open form of P, when between pH 8.2–12.…”

A fast and reliable method for quantitative determination of total mercury in vegetables

“…Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 1671 limit in a linear range of 80-fold is lower than those of many methods like inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), spectrophotometry, and online flow injection analysis (FIA)-spectrophotometry reported in literature (Garrido et al 2004;Ulusoy, G€ urkan, and Ulusoy 2012;Rofouei et al 2012;Pandurangappa and Kumar 2011;Niazi, Momeni-Isfahani, and Ahmari 2009;Afkhami, Madrakian, and Siampour 2006). When the enhancement factors of 128 and 157 at both wavelengths are considered, it is clear that they are also better than those of more sensitive analytical methods such as spectrofluorimetry (Bozkurt, Ocakoglu, and Merdivan 2012) and HPLC-ICP-MS after CPE (Chen et al 2009).…”

“…When CPE is used for the extraction of metal chelates, spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry in UV-Vis region have often been used as detection methods (Bozkurt, Ocakoglu, and Merdivan 2012;Ulusoy, G€ urkan, and Ulusoy 2012;Rofouei et al 2012;Pandurangappa and Kumar 2011). Though spectrophotometry has poor sensitivity, it is a very simple, rapid, and low-cost analytical tool, which can be found in almost every analytical research laboratory.…”