Micellar Liquid Chromatography from Green Analysis Perspective

El-Shaheny, Rania; El-Maghrabey, Mahmoud; Belal, F.

doi:10.1515/chem-2015-0101

Cited by 93 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Also, there is the possibility of recycling the micellar eluent because of the low evaporation risk of organic solvents. By contrast, safe disposal of the waste solvent (methanol) is essential in CLC otherwise chemical degradation may be observed …”

Section: Green Aspects Of Mlc Over Clcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two liquid chromatographic approaches for the simultaneous determination of xipamide and its degradation product (2,6‐xylidine) using time‐programmed fluorescence detection

Tolba

Belal

2016

Luminescence

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A study of the performance of reversed-phase chromatography with a programmable multiwavelength fluorimetric technique using either conventional hydro-organic or micellar eluent is established for the determination of xipamide (XIP) in the presence of its degradation product, 2,6-xylidine (XY). In conventional liquid chromatography (CLC), the analyses were carried out on a Promosil ODS 100 Å column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of methanol/0.1 M phosphate buffer (65: 35, v/v) at pH 4.0. For micellar liquid chromatography (MLC), a short Spherisorb column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) was employed in conjunction with a greener mobile phase (pH 5.0) containing 0.1 M sodium dodecyl sulfate and 15% n-propanol. CLC proved to be superior to MLC in terms of sensitivity for the determination of the degradation product because it could detect trace amounts down to 10.0 ng/ml of XY as a degradation product in XIP. However, MLC represents an eco-friendly approach for the simultaneous determination of XIP and XY. In addition, the opportunity for the direct introduction of biological matrices into the chromatographic system is one of the distinctive benefits of MLC. The proposed methods were applied for the determination of XIP in its tablets, human urine and content uniformity testing. The results of the proposed methods were statistically compared with those obtained using the comparison fluorimetric method, revealing no significant differences in the performance of the methods regarding accuracy and precision.

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Section: Green Aspects Of Mlc Over Clcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two liquid chromatographic approaches for the simultaneous determination of xipamide and its degradation product (2,6‐xylidine) using time‐programmed fluorescence detection

Tolba

Belal

2016

Luminescence

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“…Brij-35 is a non-ionic polyoxyethylene-23 lauryl ether surfactant. It has high molecular weight (≈1200) and large cloud point (≈100 8 C) [1]. This ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactant can decrease the stationary phase polarity while remaining neutral.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An eco-friendly micellar HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of triamterene and xipamide in active pharmaceutical ingredients and marketed tablet dosage form

Ayad

Hosny

Ibrahim

et al. 2020

AChrom

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Abstract In the last few years, the use of surfactants as mobile phase additives in reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) has been steadily developing and improving. Surfactants modify the polarity of the stationary phase which in turn decreases the amount of organic solvent required for elution of the analytes rendering the methodologies linked to them greener and more eco-friendly. Brij-35 is a fatty alcohol ethoxylates non ionic surfactant, which is less widely used as mobile phase additive. Brij-35 can decrease stationary phase polarity while remaining neutral. In this research, Brij-35 was studied in the separation and determination of marketed antihypertensive combination therapy composed of triamterene (TRM) and xipamide (XIP). TRM and XIP are diuretics used for treatment of essential hypertension and associated edema conditions. Chromatographic separation was achieved on RP-C18 column (Kinetix®, 5 µm, 15 cm × 4.6 mm) at flow rate 1 mL min−1 and UV-detection at 254 nm. Isocratic elution was performed using mobile phase composed of 0.1 M Brij-35: methanol (MeOH) (60:40, v/v). The analytes were well separated and quantified within linearity ranges of 5–50 µg mL−1 for both drugs in short retention time (2.6 and 5.3 min. for TRM and XIP, respectively). Since claiming greenness is not enough, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) was used to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over the previously reported methods. GAPI is a new metric for evaluation of the ecological impact of analytical procedures. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and applied successfully for simultaneous determination of the drugs in their co-formulated tablets.

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“…More recently, the separation of carboxylic acid compounds (naproxen, ibuprofen, and ketoprofen) was achieved with an amine functionalized silica particle stationary phase and a CO 2 -modified water mobile phase, demonstrating another type of environmentally friendly chemical analysis [1]. Different approaches used to reduce organic solvents have been the introduction of surfactants [21] or additives to the mobile phase [8]. Some of these additives have included ionic liquids (ILs) [22] and deep eutectic solvents (DES), most of which can be environmentally considered as Bgreen^solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural deep eutectic solvents as the major mobile phase components in high-performance liquid chromatography—searching for alternatives to organic solvents

et al. 2018

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Over the past six decades, acetonitrile (ACN) has been the most employed organic modifier in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), followed by methanol (MeOH). However, from the growing environmental awareness that leads to the emergence of "green analytical chemistry," new research has emerged that includes finding replacements to problematic ACN because of its low sustainability. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) can be produced from an almost infinite possible combinations of compounds, while being a "greener" alternative to organic solvents in HPLC, especially those prepared from natural compounds called natural DES (NADES). In this work, the use of three NADES as the main organic component in RP-HPLC, rather than simply an additive, was explored and compared to the common organic solvents ACN and MeOH but additionally to the greener ethanol for separating two different mixtures of compounds, one demonstrating the elution of compounds with increasing hydrophobicity and the other comparing molecules of different functionality and molar mass. To utilize NADES as an organic modifier and overcome their high viscosity monolithic columns, temperatures at 50 °C and 5% ethanol in the mobile phase were used. NADES are shown to give chromatographic performances in between those observed for ACN and MeOH when eluotropic strength, resolution, and peak capacity were taken into consideration, while being less environmentally impactful as shown by the HPLC-Environmental Assessment Tool (HPLC-EAT) metric. With the development of proper technologies, DES could open a new class of mobile phases increasing the possibilities of new separation selectivities while reducing the environmental impact of HPLC analyses. Graphical abstract Natural deep eutectic solvents versus traditional solvents in HPLC.

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Micellar Liquid Chromatography from Green Analysis Perspective

Cited by 93 publications

References 94 publications

Two liquid chromatographic approaches for the simultaneous determination of xipamide and its degradation product (2,6‐xylidine) using time‐programmed fluorescence detection

Two liquid chromatographic approaches for the simultaneous determination of xipamide and its degradation product (2,6‐xylidine) using time‐programmed fluorescence detection

An eco-friendly micellar HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of triamterene and xipamide in active pharmaceutical ingredients and marketed tablet dosage form

Natural deep eutectic solvents as the major mobile phase components in high-performance liquid chromatography—searching for alternatives to organic solvents

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