Mice and the Role of Unequal Recombination in Gene-Family Evolution

Schimenti, John C.

doi:10.1086/302220

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Two mechanisms of concerted evolution have been proposed: unequal crossing‐over and gene conversion (34). Gene conversion, defined as nonreciprocal exchange of genetic information, is very precise and requires little identity in flanking sequences (37, 38). The absence of homologous flanking sequences (data not shown) indicates that EMR2 has evolved by gene conversion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unusual mode of concerted evolution of the EGF‐TM7 receptor chimera EMR2

et al. 2006

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The epidermal growth factor (EGF)-TM7 receptors CD97, EMR1, EMR2, EMR3, and EMR4 form a group of adhesion class heptahelical molecules predominantly expressed by cells of the immune system. These receptors bind cellular ligands through EGF-like domains, localized N-terminal to a large extracellular region. Remarkably, EMR2 possesses a chimeric structure with a seven-span transmembrane (TM7) region most related to EMR3 and an EGF domain region nearly identical to CD97. By comparing EGF-TM7 receptors in primates and dogs, we identified an intriguing pattern of concerted evolution, apparently mediated by gene conversion, among EMR2 and the oppositely orientated and physically adjacent genes CD97 and EMR3. This concerted evolution has continuously maintained the chimeric structure of EMR2 since early mammal radiation. Most highly conserved between EMR2 and CD97 is the fourth EGF domain, which mediates binding to chondroitin sulfate, a ligand specificity shared by both receptors. Another ligand, CD55, is bound effectively only by CD97. We show that different molecular mechanisms (mutations vs. alternative splicing) prevent CD55 binding by EMR2 in hominoids. Our findings illustrate how various and partially opposing evolutionary events have shaped the structure and ligand specificity of a modern mammalian gene family.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unusual mode of concerted evolution of the EGF‐TM7 receptor chimera EMR2

et al. 2006

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“…It seems likely that unequal crossing-over (UCO 7 ) is the major source of individual gene duplication. (24) Duplicated genes appear to arise close to one another (at least in mammals) and the gene clusters are broken up by subsequent genome rearrangement. (25) UCO is stimulated by TEs, (15) and it is interesting that a recent analysis of a region of the mouse genome containing three expanded gene families showed an association of gene families with elevated TE concentrations.…”

Section: Evolution Of Gene Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bigger mouse? The rat genome unveiled

Hancock

2004

BioEssays

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SummaryRattus norvegicus is an important experimental organism and interesting to evolutionary biologists. The recently published draft rat genome sequence(1) provides us with insights into both the rat's evolution and its physiology. We learn more about genome evolution and, in particular, the adaptive significance of gene family expansions and the evolution of rodent genomes, which appears to have decelerated since the divergence of mouse and rat. An important observation is that some regions of genomes, many in noncoding regions, show very high sequence conservation, while others show unexpectedly fast evolution. Both of these may be pointers to functional significance.

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“…There is strong research interest in the mechanisms underlying domain repeat expansions and how they affect the evolution of protein families ( Björklund et al, 2005 , 2006 ; Vogel et al, 2005 ; Weiner et al, 2006 ; Moore et al, 2008 ; Buljan and Bateman, 2009 ). Repeats can experience concerted evolution where they maintain a high degree of sequence identity ( Elder and Turner, 1995 ; Liao, 1999 ), through unequal recombination and gene conversion ( Schimenti, 1999 ). Under this scenario, the repeat expansion of highly identical domains is itself an innovation that could allow proteins to evolve novel functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Gene Duplication and Domain Repeat Expansion for the Function and Evolution of Fertilization Proteins

Rivera

Swanson

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The process of gene duplication followed by gene loss or evolution of new functions has been studied extensively, yet the role gene duplication plays in the function and evolution of fertilization proteins is underappreciated. Gene duplication is observed in many fertilization protein families including Izumo, DCST, ZP, and the TFP superfamily. Molecules mediating fertilization are part of larger gene families expressed in a variety of tissues, but gene duplication followed by structural modifications has often facilitated their cooption into a fertilization function. Repeat expansions of functional domains within a gene also provide opportunities for the evolution of novel fertilization protein. ZP proteins with domain repeat expansions are linked to species-specificity in fertilization and TFP proteins that experienced domain duplications were coopted into a novel sperm function. This review outlines the importance of gene duplications and repeat domain expansions in the evolution of fertilization proteins.

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Mice and the Role of Unequal Recombination in Gene-Family Evolution

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

An unusual mode of concerted evolution of the EGF‐TM7 receptor chimera EMR2

An unusual mode of concerted evolution of the EGF‐TM7 receptor chimera EMR2

A bigger mouse? The rat genome unveiled

The Importance of Gene Duplication and Domain Repeat Expansion for the Function and Evolution of Fertilization Proteins

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