MHz frame rate hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging using synchrotron radiation

Olbinado, Margie P.; Just, Xavier; Gelet, Jean‐Louis; Lhuissier, Pierre; Scheel, Mario; Vagovič, Patrik; Sato, Tokushi; Graceffa, Rita; Schulz, Joachim; Mancuso, Adrian P.; Morse, J.; Rack, Alexander

doi:10.1364/oe.25.013857

Cited by 89 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These observations were essential to establish the ground truth of the events that were employed to define the different categories of quality. The experiments were carried out at the imaging beamline ID19 at the European Synchrotron (ESRF) which provides ultra-high temporal X-ray imaging resolution 23,24 . In particular, X-ray phase contrast imaging was employed to enhance the sensitivity, especially at the boundaries between phases (solid, gas and vapor), where the X-ray beam refraction is the highest 28 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supervised deep learning for real-time quality monitoring of laser welding with X-ray radiographic guidance

Shevchik

Le-Quang

Meylan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Laser welding is a key technology for many industrial applications. However, its online quality monitoring is an open issue due to the highly complex nature of the process. this work aims at enriching existing approaches in this field. We propose a method for real-time detection of process instabilities that can lead to defects. Hard X-ray radiography is used for the ground truth observations of the sub-surface events that are critical for the quality. A deep artificial neural network is applied to reveal the unique signatures of those events in wavelet spectrograms from the laser back-reflection and acoustic emission signals. The autonomous classification of the revealed signatures is tested on reallife data, while the real-time performance is reached by means of parallel computing. The confidence of the quality classification ranges between 71% and 99%, with a temporal resolution down to 2 ms and a computation time per classification task as low as 2 ms. This approach is a new paradigm in the digitization of industrial processes and can be exploited to provide feedbacks in a closed-loop quality control system. The introduction of laser technology in metal welding of metals is dated back to the late 1960s 1,2 when it immediately showed advantages as compared to traditional arc welding 3. The attractions of this technique are in the non-contact processing, the absence of tool wear, high aspect ratio of the melt pool, better material fusion, possibility to process refractory materials, low running costs and high processing speed 3,4. Today, laser welding is a key technology in many fields e.g. automotive 5 and aerospace 3,6 industries, naval and heavy machinery production 7 , medicine and micromechanics 3. Unfortunately, the potential of this technology is not fully exploited, particularly in applications that require the guarantee of high weld quality. The reason is the non-linear nature of light-matter interactions, which complicates the reproducibility of the weld quality in mass production 8-10. The complex dynamics of the process, especially in keyhole welding regime, and its instabilities can cause various defects at the joint 3,10-12. A defect type of particular interest is porosity, which is a hidden threat for the mechanical properties of the workpieces 3,9-11. Obviously, an adequate, robust and low cost quality monitoring system is of great desire. The major challenge in developing such technique is in the difficulties to inspect directly the sub-surface behavior of the process zone in real-life conditions 13. Multiple approaches have been proposed, which are mostly based on mathematical modeling aiming to reconstruct the under surface dynamics using inspections of the surface via measurements of temperature 11,12,14,15 , optical 16,17 and/or acoustic 18,19 emissions (AE). However, those approaches face three main problems. Firstly, modeling often suffers inaccuracies originating from the deviations of the model assumptions from the real parameters' values. More complicated assumptions can be used to imp...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we exploited fully the recent advances in this field. In particular, state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) were selected due to their high efficiency in data structuring 23,24 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supervised deep learning for real-time quality monitoring of laser welding with X-ray radiographic guidance

Shevchik

Le-Quang

Meylan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…A large propagation distance of 7.2 m between the sample and the detector was used in order to maximize the x-ray phase-contrast enhancement in radiography [29]. The x-ray image detector used was an indirect system composed of a fast-decay scintillator (250 μm-thick Ce-doped (Lu (2−x) Y x )SiO 5 (LYSO:Ce), Hilger Crystals, UK), which is lens-coupled to an ultra highspeed visible light camera (Hyper Vision HPV-X2, Shimadzu Corp., Japan) [20]. The camera has a frame-transfer complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensor with 400 × 256 (250 effective) pixels of 32 μm (30 μm × 21.3 μm active area).…”

Section: X-ray Phase-contrast Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, multiple-frame recording is essential for the visualization of transient processes that are stochastic or aperiodic. At the ESRF, MHz x-ray pulse repetition rates using the 4-bunch (1.4 MHz) and 16-bunch (5.6 MHz) filling modes of the electron storage ring has been combined with fast indirect x-ray detection in order to achieve ultra high-speed XPCI with million frames per second (Mfps) recording and single-pulse (≈100 ps) temporal resolution [20,32,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra high-speed x-ray imaging of laser-driven shock compression using synchrotron light

Olbinado

Cantelli

Mathon

et al. 2018

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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IntroductionThe properties of materials are driven to extreme conditions under high pressures, the highest of which is generated by shock compression. First described by George Gabriel Stokes in 1851 [1], 'a shock is a travelling wave front across which a discontinuous, adiabatic jump in state variables takes place'. Investigations of materials under shock compression cast light on a broad range of phenomena that are not fully understood in the areas of high-energy-density physics, earth and planetary sciences, aerospace engineering, and materials science. The three main progenitors of shock compression can be considered as: explosion, impact, and plasma [2]. Respectively, the most popular platforms for shock wave generation in the AbstractA high-power, nanosecond pulsed laser impacting the surface of a material can generate an ablation plasma that drives a shock wave into it; while in situ x-ray imaging can provide a timeresolved probe of the shock-induced material behaviour on macroscopic length scales. Here, we report on an investigation into laser-driven shock compression of a polyurethane foam and a graphite rod by means of single-pulse synchrotron x-ray phase-contrast imaging with MHz frame rate. A 6 J, 10 ns pulsed laser was used to generate shock compression. Physical processes governing the laser-induced dynamic response such as elastic compression, compaction, pore collapse, fracture, and fragmentation have been imaged; and the advantage of exploiting the partial spatial coherence of a synchrotron source for studying low-density, carbon-based materials is emphasized. The successful combination of a high-energy laser and ultra high-speed x-ray imaging using synchrotron light demonstrates the potentiality of accessing complementary information from scientific studies of laser-driven shock compression.

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“…of synchrotrons been exploited. For example, imaging with synchronized or individual X-ray pulses applied to fast stochastic transient processes [10][11][12]. The new paradigm of ultra-fast X-ray imaging could be introduced by megahertz X-ray Free-Electron Laser sources, where the high flux per pulse can reveal dynamics of stochastic processes with velocities up to the scale of several km/s with sub-micron scale resolutions with high sensitivity to projected densities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Megahertz x-ray microscopy at x-ray free-electron laser and synchrotron sources

Vagovič¹,

Sato²,

Mikeš³

et al. 2019

Optica

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We demonstrate X-ray phase contrast microscopy performed at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser sampled at 1.128 MHz rate. We have applied this method to image stochastic processes induced by an optical laser incident on water-filled capillaries with micrometer scale spatial resolution. The generated high speed water jet, cavitation formation and annihilation in water and glass, as well as glass explosions are observed. The comparison between XFEL and previous synchrotron MHz microscopy shows the superior contrast and spatial resolution at the XFEL over the synchrotron. This work opens up new possibilities for the characterization of dynamic stochastic systems on nanosecond to microsecond time scales at megahertz rate with object velocities up to few kilometers per second using X-ray Free-Electron Laser sources.Hard X-ray beams are well suited for microscopic 2D and 3D imaging of samples not transparent to visible light due to their high penetration power. Over the last two decades the field of X-ray imaging has developed considerably, mainly due to the availability of modern, third-generation synchrotrons producing X-rays of high brilliance [1]. These sources have provided access to the structural determination of specimens down to nano meter scale resolutions. Exploiting the (partial) spatial coherence of synchrotron X-ray probes, several phase sensitive techniques have been developed providing access to the electron density of specimens either via X-ray optical analyzers [2][3][4] or sophisticated algorithms [5,6]. While much attention has been paid to improve the spatial resolution of X-ray imaging to its limits, fewer resources have been used to explore the boundaries of the temporal domain. With the progress in the development of detectors over the last decade [7], fast radiography and tomography with kilohertz frame rates are available allowing, for example,~100 tomograms per second [8,9]. Only relatively recently has the stroboscopic nature arXiv:1906.07263v1 [physics.ins-det]

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MHz frame rate hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging using synchrotron radiation

Cited by 89 publications

References 42 publications

Supervised deep learning for real-time quality monitoring of laser welding with X-ray radiographic guidance

Supervised deep learning for real-time quality monitoring of laser welding with X-ray radiographic guidance

Ultra high-speed x-ray imaging of laser-driven shock compression using synchrotron light

Megahertz x-ray microscopy at x-ray free-electron laser and synchrotron sources

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