“…In plasma physics applications, the method amounts to following the trajectories of charged particles in self‐consistent electromagnetic (or electrostatic) fields computed on a fixed mesh [ Dawson , 1983]. In particular, PIC method have been used successfully to study laser‐plasma interactions [ Gibbon and Forster , 1996], electron acceleration and ion heating in the auroral ionosphere [ Goertz et al , 1991], plasma instabilities in meteor trails [ Oppenheim et al , 2003], magnetohydrodynamics [ Schumer et al , 2001], magnetic reconnection [ Shay and Drake , 1998], as well as ion‐temperature‐gradient and other microinstabilities in tokomaks [ Candy and Waltz , 2003].…”