MHC class I diversity of olive baboons (Papio anubis) unravelled by next-generation sequencing

Abstract

The olive baboon represents an important model system to study various aspects of human biology and health, including the origin and diversity of the major histocompatibility complex. After screening of a group of related animals for polymorphisms associated with a well-defined microsatellite marker, subsequent MHC class I typing of a selected population of 24 animals was performed on two distinct next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms. A substantial number of 21 A and 80 B transcripts were discovered, about half of which had not been previously reported. Per animal, from one to four highly transcribed A alleles (majors) were observed, in addition to ones characterised by low transcripion levels (minors), such as members of the A*14 lineage. Furthermore, in one animal, up to 13 B alleles with differential transcription level profiles may be present. Based on segregation profiles, 16 Paan-AB haplotypes were defined. A haplotype encodes in general one or two major A and three to seven B transcripts, respectively. A further peculiarity is the presence of at least one copy of a B*02 lineage on nearly every haplotype, which indicates that B*02 represents a separate locus with probably a specialistic function. Haplotypes appear to be generated by recombination-like events, and the breakpoints map not only between the A and B regions but also within the B region itself. Therefore, the genetic makeup of the olive baboon MHC class I region appears to have been subject to a similar or even more complex expansion process than the one documented for macaque species.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00251-018-1053-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Can extreme MHC class I diversity be a feature of a wide geographic range? The example of Seba’s short-tailed bat (Carollia perspicillata)

“…The MHC gene families possibly evolve through birth-anddeath processes (Eirín-López et al 2012) and produce copy number variation (CNV) in MHC gene families as the results of gene duplication events. CNVs are common in various taxa, varying between species and within a species (Doxiadis et al 2006;de Groot et al 2016;Siddle et al 2010;van der Wiel et al 2018). CNVs might have different levels of gene expression (classified as major and minor expression) and might be an alternative to an allelic polymorphism at one gene (Otting et al 2005).…”

Dynamic evolution of Mhc haplotypes in cynomolgus macaques of different geographic origins

“…Full-length Mhc class I ( Mafa-A and Mafa-B ) transcripts were obtained by amplification of total cDNA with a mixture of two forward and three reverse primers (Table S2 ), in accordance with a previously reported protocol (van der Wiel et al 2018 ). For the amplification of full-length DRB (cDRB) (de Groot 2004 ), DPA1 , DQA1 , and DQB1 transcripts and partial DRB (~ 800 bp containing exon 2 and intron 2) at the genomic level (gDRB), a set of one forward and one reverse primer was used for each different application (Table S2 ).…”

Nomenclature report 2019: major histocompatibility complex genes and alleles of Great and Small Ape and Old and New World monkey species

“…The Dudley et al 2014;van der Wiel et al 2015;Otting et al 2017), Macaca nemestrina (Karl et al 2014;van der Wiel et al 2015;Otting et al 2017;Semler et al 2018), Macaca thibetana (Yan et al 2013;Min et al 2019), Papio anubis (Otting et al 2016;Morgan et al 2018;van der Wiel et al 2018), Papio hamadryas (Morgan et al 2018, Aotus nancymaae and Aotus vociferans (Lopez et al 2014), Ateles fusciceps (Cao et al 2015), and Callithrix jacchus (van der Wiel et al 2013), and Otting et al and Mueller et al, unpublished) (Table 1, blue numbers in column 2019).…”