MGL Receptor and Immunity: When the Ligand Can Make the Difference

Zizzari, Ilaria Grazia; Napoletano, Chiara; Battisti, Federico; Rahimi, Hassan; Caponnetto, S; Pierelli, Luca; Nuti, Marianna; Rughetti, Aurelia

doi:10.1155/2015/450695

Cited by 60 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Which are the ligands in A. pegreffii that are involved in such immunomodulatory effects remains an open question. Recently, the C‐type lectin receptors, recognizing carbohydrate ligands, seem to play a key role in triggering immunosuppressive functions of DCs by helminths . Interestingly, Ani s 7, among the major allergens in A. pegreffii , is indeed a glycoprotein …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisakis pegreffii impacts differentiation and function of human dendritic cells

Napoletano

Mattiucci

Colantoni

et al. 2018

Parasite Immunology

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Human dendritic cells (DCs) show remarkable phenotypic changes when matured in the presence of helminth-derived products. These modifications frequently elicited a polarization towards Th2 cells and regulatory T cells thus contributing to immunological tolerance against these pathogens. In this study, the interaction between DCs and larvae of the zoonotic anisakid nematode Anisakis pegreffii was investigated. A. pegreffii larvae were collected from fish hosts, and monocyte-derived DCs were cocultured in the presence of the live larvae (L) or its crude extracts (CE). In both experimental conditions, A. pegreffii impacted DC viability, hampered DC maturation by reducing the expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation and migration (ie HLA-DR, CD86, CD83 and CCR7), increased the phagosomal radical oxygen species (ROS) levels and modulated the phosphorylation of ERK1,2 pathway. These biological changes were accompanied by the impairment of DCs to activate a T-cell-mediated IFNγ. Interestingly, live larvae appeared to differently modulate DC secretion of cytokines and chemokines as compared to CE. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the immunomodulatory role of A. pegreffii on DCs biology and functions. In addition, they suggest a dynamic contribution of DCs to the induction and maintenance of the inflammatory response against A. pegreffii.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisakis pegreffii impacts differentiation and function of human dendritic cells

Napoletano

Mattiucci

Colantoni

et al. 2018

Parasite Immunology

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“…Macrophage galactose type C-type lectin receptors (MGL/CD301) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize terminal galactose antigens. MGL are expressed on human (hMGL) and mice macrophages (mMGL), but mice have two types namely 1 and 2 (mMGL1 and mMGL2), with 60% homology between hMGL and mMGL1 [26][27][28]. IL-4 upregulates their expression, hence it is considered one of the M2a cell markers [6,7,26,29,30].…”

Section: Macrophage Galactose Type C-type Lectin Receptors (Mgl/ Cd301)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatively activated macrophages; a double-edged sword in allergic asthma

et al. 2020

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Background: Macrophages are heterogenous phagocytic cells with an important role in the innate immunity. They are, also, significant contributors in the adaptive immune system. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the lung during allergic asthma, which is the most common chronic respiratory disease of both adults and children. Macrophages activated by Th1 cells are known as M1 macrophages while those activated by IL-4 and IL-13 are called alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) or M2 cells. AAM are subdivided into four distinct subtypes (M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d), depending on the nature of inducing agent and the expressed markers. Body: IL-4 is the major effector cytokine in both alternative activation of macrophages and pathogenesis of asthma. Thus, the role of M2a macrophages in asthma is a major concern. However, this is controversial. Therefore, further studies are required to improve our knowledge about the role of IL-4-induced macrophages in allergic asthma, through precisive elucidation of the roles of specific M2a proteins in the pathogenesis of asthma. In the current review, we try to illustrate the different functions of M2a macrophages (protective and pathogenic roles) in the pathogenesis of asthma, including explanation of how different M2a proteins and markers act during the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. These include surface markers, enzymes, secreted proteins, chemokines, cytokines, signal transduction proteins and transcription factors. Conclusions: AAM is considered a double-edged sword in allergic asthma. Finally, we recommend further studies that focus on increased selective expression or suppression of protective and pathogenic M2a markers.

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“…MGL is a type II transmembrane protein with a ligand specifity for galactose and N -acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues [126]. MGL is targeted by viruses for cellular entry and to promote viral dissemination by evasion of host immune responses [126]. EBOV surface glycoprotein (GP) is highly N- and O- glycosylated and engages in viral attachment and entry into host cells.…”

Section: Myeloid C-type Lectins Receptors—pattern Recognition Recementioning

confidence: 99%

Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Viral Recognition and Antiviral Immunity

Monteiro

Lepenies

2017

Viruses

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Recognition of viral glycans by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immunity contributes to antiviral immune responses. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are PRRs capable of sensing glycans present in viral pathogens to activate antiviral immune responses such as phagocytosis, antigen processing and presentation, and subsequent T cell activation. The ability of CLRs to elicit and shape adaptive immunity plays a critical role in the inhibition of viral spread within the host. However, certain viruses exploit CLRs for viral entry into host cells to avoid immune recognition. To block CLR interactions with viral glycoproteins, antiviral strategies may involve the use of multivalent glycan carrier systems. In this review, we describe the role of CLRs in antiviral immunity and we highlight their dual function in viral clearance and exploitation by viral pathogens.

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MGL Receptor and Immunity: When the Ligand Can Make the Difference

Cited by 60 publications

References 59 publications

Anisakis pegreffii impacts differentiation and function of human dendritic cells

Anisakis pegreffii impacts differentiation and function of human dendritic cells

Alternatively activated macrophages; a double-edged sword in allergic asthma

Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Viral Recognition and Antiviral Immunity

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