Mg<sup>+</sup>and other metallic emissions observed in the thermosphere

Gardner, James A.; Viereck, R. A.; Murad, Edmond; Lai, Shu T.; Knecht, David J.; Pike, C. P.; Broadfoot, A. L.; Anderson, E.; McNeil, William J.

doi:10.1117/12.187562

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Also, because of the shuttle's path, local time effects cannot be cleanly separated from latitude effects. About all that one can say with confidence is that the high radiance data are concentrated at dusk within about +30 ø of the equator [Gardner et al, 1994].…”

Section: The Full Diurnal [Mg +] Behavior Is Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 95%

A model for meteoric magnesium in the ionosphere

McNeil¹,

Lai²,

Murad³

1996

J. Geophys. Res.

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Observations of metal ions by the GLO1 experiment on the space shuttle were presented in a recent paper by McNeil et al. [1996]. The authors also conducted numerical modeling studies and reported several findings as a result of their investigation. Unfortunately, the paper omitted citations and summaries of some past studies of thermospheric metal ions, studies which first reported some of the results presented by McNeil et al. This comment aims to provide a more complete summary of past research and to provide proper attribution of some of the findings reported by McNeil et al. The OGO-6, TD1A, and Atmosphere Explorer satellites included instruments capable of obtaining remote and in situ observations of metal ions in the Earth's atmosphere. Results were reported by Hanson and Sanatani [1970, 1971], Boksenberg and Gdrard [1973], Gdrard and Monfils [1974, 1978], Gdrard [1976], Gdrard et al. [1979], Kurnar and Hanson [1980], Fesen and Hays [1982], Fesen eta!. [1983], and Grebowsky and Reese [1989]. Observations of Mg + obtained from the space shuttle were reported by Mende et al. [1985]. This list is con-Hanson, W. B., and S. Sanatani, Relationship between Fe + ions and equatorial spread

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Section: The Full Diurnal [Mg +] Behavior Is Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 95%

A model for meteoric magnesium in the ionosphere

McNeil¹,

Lai²,

Murad³

1996

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Seasonal-latitudinal and local time distributions of Mg + ions, including equatorial asymmetries due to neutral winds, were shown to be in reasonable accord with in-situ satellite measurements mentioned previously. McNeil et al (1996) recently solved the continuity equations for Mg and Mg + in the geomagnetic equatorial plane, and made comparisons with GLO1 Space Shuttle measurements (Gardner et al, 1994;1995) of 2795A Ê and 2802A Ê emissions. Although the model only included transport by diusion and vertical drifts (neglecting neutral winds and meridional transport), the absolute magnitudes and dawn-dusk asymmetries in predicted radiances were quite similar to those observed.…”

Section: Laboratory Measurements Of Reaction Rates and Previous Theomentioning

confidence: 99%

Global transport and localized layering of metallic ions in the upper atmosphere

Carter¹,

Forbes²

1999

Ann Geophysicae

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A numerical model has been developed which is capable of simulating all phases of the life cycle of metallic ions, and results are described and interpreted herein for the typical case of Fe + ions. This cycle begins with the initial deposition of metallics through meteor ablation and sputtering, followed by conversion of neutral Fe atoms to ions through photoionization and charge exchange with ambient ions. Global transport arising from daytime electric ®elds and poleward/ downward diusion along geomagnetic ®eld lines, localized transport and layer formation through descending convergent nulls in the thermospheric wind ®eld, and ®nally annihilation by chemical neutralization and compound formation are treated. The model thus sheds new light on the interdependencies of the physical and chemical processes aecting atmospheric metallics. Model output analysis con®rms the dominant role of both global and local transport to the ion's life cycle, showing that upward forcing from the equatorial electric ®eld is critical to global movement, and that diurnal and semidiurnal tidal winds are responsible for the formation of dense ion layers in the 90±250 km height region. It is demonstrated that the assumed combination of sources, chemical sinks, and transport mechanisms actually produces F-region densities and E-region layer densities similar to those observed. The model also shows that zonal and meridional winds and electric ®elds each play distinct roles in local transport, whereas the ion distribution is relatively insensitive to reasonable variations in meteoric deposition and chemical reaction rates.

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“…Seasonal-latitudinal and local time distributions of Mg + ions, including equatorial asymmetries due to neutral winds, were shown to be in reasonable accord with in-situ satellite measurements mentioned previously. McNeil et al (1996) recently solved the continuity equations for Mg and Mg + in the geomagnetic equatorial plane, and made comparisons with GLO1 Space Shuttle measurements (Gardner et al, 1994; of 2795A Ê and 2802A Ê emissions. Although the model only included transport by diusion and vertical drifts (neglecting neutral winds and meridional transport), the absolute magnitudes and dawn-dusk asymmetries in predicted radiances were quite similar to those observed.…”

Section: Laboratory Measurements Of Reaction Rates and Previous Theomentioning

confidence: 99%

Global transport and localized layering of metallic ions in the upper atmospherer

Carter

Forbes

1999

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. A numerical model has been developed which is capable of simulating all phases of the life cycle of metallic ions, and results are described and interpreted herein for the typical case of Fe + ions. This cycle begins with the initial deposition of metallics through meteor ablation and sputtering, followed by conversion of neutral Fe atoms to ions through photoionization and charge exchange with ambient ions. Global transport arising from daytime electric ®elds and poleward/ downward diusion along geomagnetic ®eld lines, localized transport and layer formation through descending convergent nulls in the thermospheric wind ®eld, and ®nally annihilation by chemical neutralization and compound formation are treated. The model thus sheds new light on the interdependencies of the physical and chemical processes aecting atmospheric metallics. Model output analysis con®rms the dominant role of both global and local transport to the ion's life cycle, showing that upward forcing from the equatorial electric ®eld is critical to global movement, and that diurnal and semidiurnal tidal winds are responsible for the formation of dense ion layers in the 90±250 km height region. It is demonstrated that the assumed combination of sources, chemical sinks, and transport mechanisms actually produces F-region densities and E-region layer densities similar to those observed. The model also shows that zonal and meridional winds and electric ®elds each play distinct roles in local transport, whereas the ion distribution is relatively insensitive to reasonable variations in meteoric deposition and chemical reaction rates.

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Mg⁺and other metallic emissions observed in the thermosphere

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

A model for meteoric magnesium in the ionosphere

A model for meteoric magnesium in the ionosphere

Global transport and localized layering of metallic ions in the upper atmosphere

Global transport and localized layering of metallic ions in the upper atmospherer

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Mg+and other metallic emissions observed in the thermosphere

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

A model for meteoric magnesium in the ionosphere

A model for meteoric magnesium in the ionosphere

Global transport and localized layering of metallic ions in the upper atmosphere

Global transport and localized layering of metallic ions in the upper atmospherer

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Mg⁺and other metallic emissions observed in the thermosphere