Mg Deficiency Impacts on Magnetocaloric Behavior of La0.77Mg0.23-x□xMnO3 (0 ≤  ×  ≤ 0.2) Manganites

The magnetocaloric effect properties for potential applications of magnetic refrigerator technology: a review

“…On the other hand, if vacancy substitution occurs at element sites, it will affect the composition of Mn 3+ and Mn 4+ ions. 145–152 The appearance of Mn 4+ ions can be linked to the ability of the system to maintain its chemical stability by converting Mn 3+ ions to Mn 4+ , allowing the chemical equation to become La (1− x ) 3+ □ x Mn (1− y ) 3+ Mn 2 y 4+ O 3 2− . 114…”