MFM and Raman studies in PEMBE-grown (Ga,Mn)N thin films showing room-temperature ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism in ZnTe:Cr film grown on Si(1 0 0)

“…Magnetic force microscopy is becoming one of the most used techniques for the imaging of magnetic domains [25]. Prior to measurements, the film was exposed to minute argon gas flow and, subsequently, the topographic observation was carried out by AFM.…”

Magnetic studies on ZnTe:Cr film grown on glass substrate by thermal evaporation method

“…MFM is becoming one of the most useful techniques for imaging magnetic domains [35]. Prior to MFM analysis, the film was exposed to argon gas blow and consequently the topographic scanning was made by AFM in tapping mode.…”

Structural and paramagnetic properties of dilute Ga1-xMnxN

“…The understanding of this limit is crucial when considering the most recent suggestions for the controlled incorporation of the magnetic ions and consequently of the magnetic response through Fermi level engineering. By combining the different complementary characterization techniques we establish that randomly distributed Mn ions with a concentration x < 1% generate a paramagnetic response down to at least 2 K in Ga 1−x Mn x N. In view of our findings, the room temperature ferromagnetism observed in this Mn concentration range 13,19,20,24,25 has to be assigned to a non-random distribution of transition metal impurities in GaN. We emphasize that in all reported works on (Ga,Mn)N fabricated by MOVPE the Mn concentration was well below 5%.…”