MF–PAC for Treating Waters Contaminated With Natural and Synthetic Organics

Abstract

Microfiltration (MF) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption were combined to treat waters contaminated with organic compounds. The PAC mitigates the effects of membrane fouling and concentration polarization by removing dissolved organic matter such as humic substances. The investigation used trichloroethylene (TCE) as a model contaminant and deionized distilled water and California Aqueduct water as background solutions. Removals of >99.8 percent of TCE and >60 percent of dissolved organic matter were achieved. Steady‐state permeate fluxes of 10‐20 m3/m2/d (250‐500 gpd/sq ft) were easily maintained. The total cost of treatment with MF–PAC was estimated to be $1.27 per 1,000 gal of treated water. A three‐layer membrane transport model provided a qualitative appreciation of the MF–PAC

High strength wastewater treatment in a jet loop membrane bioreactor: kinetics and performance evaluation

“…In these F/M and MLSS ranges, particle size of microorganism dispersions (suspended solids) is a function of MLSS concentration only and as MLSS increases the suspended solids forms larger size flock. As reported by earlier studies (Nuhoglu et al, 2002;Keskinler et al, 1997;Akay et al, 1998Akay et al, , 2000Bayhan et al, 2001;Chang and Hwang, 1995;Pirbazari et al, 1992), these larger size flocks result in a cake layer of lesser density. The less dense cake layer leads to reduce resistance to the flow in the cake layer (i.e.…”

Drinking Water: Factors Affecting the Quality of Drinking Water

“…As a rule, before such processes coagulation-flocculation, ozonation and adsorption are used, especially, if water in a water source has a higher concentration of NOC [233,251]. By means of micro-and ultrafiltration large NOC fractions are not always removed from water.…”

Hybrid membrane bioreactor technology for small water treatment utilities: Process evaluation and primordial considerations

“…Turbulent flow regimes within membrane modules can create flow instabilities and vortices that can depolarize dissolved solids and re-entrain colloids or suspended particles from the viscous sub-layer (part of the gel layer). In synergism with fluid management, the PAC discharges several functions discussed in the earlier studies by Pirbazari and coworkers [9,49,50]. Firstly, it depolarizes the membrane surface by promoting back-diffusion (or back-migration) of organic solutes from the membrane-fluid interface to the bulk fluid, depleting the solute concentration by PAC sorption.…”